https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Agent+Jay 2026-05-11T15:13:51Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Boston_Tea_Party&diff=3772 2009-12-15T07:20:34Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>One of the most significant events at the beginning of the [[American Revolution]], often seen as the catalyst. [4] On December 16, 1773 about 100-200 of Boston's citizens disguised as Mohawks went on board of the ships of the [[East India Company]]. They threw the tea charge which came from England into the inner harbour. [4] It was a non-violent event that had a more symbolic character. The citizens of Boston wanted to protest against English taxes and custom duties. [1] The [[Tea Act]] had just been passed. The act allowed the East India Company which had financial problems tax relief and the exclusive right to sell tea in North America. Britain was eager to help the East India Company as it had huge possessions and estates in India. [4] The settlers were not willing to pay the taxes and, thus, most of the ships were then sent back to Britain or the goods were stored. Only in Boston the governor who was personally involved in the trade of the East India Company decided to discharge the goods. This was seen as catalyst that led to the protest. [3] <br /> <br /> Britain had financial problems due to the [[French and Indian Wars]] (1754-1763). [5] The colonists were used to pay taxes and customs in order to save the imperial unity between the motherland and the colonies. The protective tariffs on imported goods aimed at preventing smuggling and the misuse of trade. [3] But with the Tea Act the colonists then accused the British government to make profit of their colonies. Furthermore, as the settlers in North America were not represented in the British parliament, they argued that they should not be charged with taxes like the citizens in Britain. Nevertheless, the British government then decided to charge taxes from people who were not represented in London and to put taxes on goods, as for example on sugar ([[Sugar Act]]) or on documents, newspapers and games ([[Stamp Act]]). [3]<br /> <br /> The Boston Tea Party was the most significant event at the beginning of the revolution followed by some other &quot;tea parties&quot; with which the Americans resisted against the colonial rulers. [5] Britain reacted with the so-called [[Coercive Acts]]. These enforcement laws closed the harbour of Boston until payment of compensations to the East India Company was made. Furthermore, the British crown prevented with these laws that royal civil servants were charged by colonial courts and the laws empowered Britain to appoint important executive positions in the colonial administration. This heated up the tensed situation in the colonies and led finally to a break with their motherland and to the independence of the 13 colonies in North America. [4]<br /> <br /> '''Sources:'''<br /> <br /> [1] Americanet. December 11, 2009. [http://www.americanet.de/boston_tea_party.html]<br /> <br /> [2] Boston Tea Party. Ships &amp; Museum. December 11, 2009. [http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/history.asp]<br /> <br /> [3] Sautter, Udo. ''Geschichte der Vereingten Staaten vor Amerika.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1991.<br /> <br /> [4] Dippel, Horst. ''Die Amerikanische Revolution 1763-1787.'' Frankfurt am Main: Surhkamp Verlag, 1985.<br /> <br /> [5] Sautter, Udo. ''Lexikon der amerikanischen Geschichte.'' München: C. H. Beck, 1997.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Boston_Tea_Party&diff=3627 2009-12-11T11:24:54Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>One of the most significant events at the beginning of the [[American Revolution]], often seen as the catalyst. [4] On December 16, 1773 about 100-200 of Boston's citizens disguised as Mohawks went on board of the ships of the [[East India Company]]. They threw the tea charge which came from England into the inner harbour. [4] It was a non-violent event that had a more symbolic character. The citizens of Boston wanted to protest against English taxes and custom duties. [1] The [[Tea Act]] had just been passed. The act allowed the East India Company which had financial problems tax relief and the exclusive right to sell tea in North America. Britain was eager to help the East India Company as it had huge possessions and estates in India. [4] The settlers were not willing to pay the taxes and, thus, most of the ships were then sent back to Britain or the goods were stored. Only in Boston the governor who was personally involved in the trade of the East India Company decided to discharge the goods. This was seen as catalyst that led to the protest. [3] <br /> <br /> Britain had financial problems due to the [[French and Indian Wars]] (1754-1763). [5] The colonists were used to pay taxes and customs in order to save the imperial unity between the motherland and the colonies. The protective tariffs on imported goods aimed at preventing smuggling and the misuse of trade. [3] But with the Tea Act the colonists then accused the British government to make profit of their colonies. Furthermore, as the settlers in North America were not represented in the British parliament, they normally could not been charged with taxes like the citizens in Britain. Nevertheless, the British government then decided to charge taxes from people who were not represented in London and to put taxes on goods, as for example on sugar ([[Sugar Act]]) or on documents, newspapers and games ([[Stamp Act]]). [3]<br /> <br /> The Boston Tea Party was the most significant event at the beginning of the revolution followed by some other &quot;tea parties&quot; with which the Americans resisted against the oppression and arbitrariness of the colonial rulers. [5] Britain reacted with the so called [[Coercive Acts]]. These enforcement laws closed the harbour of Boston until payment of compensations to the East India Company. Furthermore, the British crown prevented with these laws that royal civil servants were charged by colonial courts and the laws empowered Britain to appoint important executive positions in the colonial administration. This heated up the tensed situation in the colonies and led finally to a break with their motherland and to the independence of the 13 colonies in North America. [4]<br /> <br /> '''Sources:'''<br /> <br /> [1] Americanet. December 11, 2009. [http://www.americanet.de/boston_tea_party.html]<br /> <br /> [2] Boston Tea Party. Ships &amp; Museum. December 11, 2009. [http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/history.asp]<br /> <br /> [3] Sautter, Udo. ''Geschichte der Vereingten Staaten vor Amerika.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1991.<br /> <br /> [4] Dippel, Horst. ''Die Amerikanische Revolution 1763-1787.'' Frankfurt am Main: Surhkamp Verlag, 1985.<br /> <br /> [5] Sautter, Udo. ''Lexikon der amerikanischen Geschichte.'' München: C. H. Beck, 1997.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Boston_Tea_Party&diff=3626 2009-12-11T11:23:31Z

<p>Agent Jay: Created page with &#039;One of the most significant events at the beginning of the American Revolution, often seen as the catalyst. [4] On December 16, 1773 about 100-200 of Boston&#039;s citizens disgui…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>One of the most significant events at the beginning of the [[American Revolution]], often seen as the catalyst. [4] On December 16, 1773 about 100-200 of Boston's citizens disguised as Mohawks went on board of the ships of the [[East India Company]]. They threw the tea charge which came from England into the inner harbour. [4] It was a non-violent event that had a more symbolic character. The citizens of Boston wanted to protest against English taxes and custom duties. [1] The [[Tea Act]] had just been passed. The act allowed the East India Company which had financial problems tax relief and the exclusive right to sell tea in North America. Britain was eager to help the East India Company as it had huge possessions and estates in India. [4] The settlers were not willing to pay the taxes and, thus, most of the ships were then sent back to Britain or the goods were stored. Only in Boston the governor who was personally involved in the trade of the East India Company decided to discharge the goods. This was seen as catalyst that led to the protest. [3] <br /> <br /> Britain had financial problems due to the [[French and Indian Wars]] (1754-1763). [5] The colonists were used to pay taxes and customs in order to save the imperial unity between the motherland and the colonies. The protective tariffs on imported goods aimed at preventing smuggling and the misuse of trade. [3] But with the Tea Act the colonists then accused the British government to make profit of their colonies. Furthermore, as the settlers in North America were not represented in the British parliament, they normally could not been charged with taxes like the citizens in Britain. Nevertheless, the British government then decided to charge taxes from people who were not represented in London and to put taxes on goods, as for example on sugar ([[Sugar Act]]) or on documents, newspapers and games ([[Stamp Act]]). [3]<br /> <br /> The Boston Tea Party was the most significant event at the beginning of the revolution followed by some other &quot;tea parties&quot; with which the Americans resisted against the oppression and arbitrariness of the colonial rulers. [5] Britain reacted with the so called [[Coercive Acts]]. These enforcement laws closed the harbour of Boston until payment of compensations to the East India Company. Furthermore, the British crown prevented with these laws that royal civil servants were charged by colonial courts and the laws empowered Britain to appoint important executive positions in the colonial administration. This heated up the tensed situation in the colonies and led finally to a break with their motherland and to the independence of the 13 colonies in North America. [4]<br /> <br /> Sources:<br /> <br /> [1] Americanet. December 11, 2009. [http://www.americanet.de/boston_tea_party.html]<br /> <br /> [2] Boston Tea Party. Ships &amp; Museum. December 11, 2009. [http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/history.asp]<br /> <br /> [3] Sautter, Udo. ''Geschichte der Vereingten Staaten vor Amerika.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1991.<br /> <br /> [4] Dippel, Horst. ''Die Amerikanische Revolution 1763-1787.'' Frankfurt am Main: Surhkamp Verlag, 1985.<br /> <br /> [5] Sautter, Udo. ''Lexikon der amerikanischen Geschichte.'' München: C. H. Beck, 1997.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3479 2009-11-28T10:51:59Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], Byron and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> <br /> During his time at Oxford University he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from Oxford for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also disinherited Shelley after his [[Elopement|elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] <br /> <br /> In 1813 Shelley published his first romantic poem ''Queen Mab'' where he presents in dramatic images the historical course of human suffering. He exposes the depressing status in past and present times where people suffer from the reign of kings and the atrocity of the church and where corruption, greed for power and money, commercialisation and above all hypocrisy destroys the individual and society.[4]<br /> <br /> 'Commerce has set the mark of selfishness,<br /> The signet of its all-enslaving power,<br /> Upon a shining ore, and called it gold;<br /> Before whose image bow the vulgar great,<br /> The vainly rich, the miserable proud,<br /> The mob of peasants, nobles, priests and kings,<br /> And with blind feelings reverence the power<br /> That grinds them to the dust of misery.<br /> But in the temple of their hireling hearts<br /> Gold is a living god and rules in scorn<br /> All earthly things but virtue.(V, 53-63)[5]<br /> <br /> In a look to the future he then draws a more optimistic image of a better reconciled world.[4] <br /> <br /> Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the early feminist and writer [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci''. [1] <br /> <br /> Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> <br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> <br /> '''1811'''<br /> <br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> <br /> '''1813'''<br /> <br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> <br /> '''1815'''<br /> <br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> <br /> '''1817'''<br /> <br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> <br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> <br /> '''1819'''<br /> <br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> <br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> <br /> '''1821'''<br /> <br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. ''Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1.'' Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> <br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.<br /> <br /> [4] Höhne, Horst. ''Percy Bysshe Shelley, Leben und Werk.'' Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag, 1998.<br /> <br /> [5] The complete poetical works. 28 Nov 2009. &lt;[http://www.bartleby.com/139/]&gt;</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3478 2009-11-28T10:48:14Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], Byron and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> <br /> During his time at Oxford University he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from Oxford for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also disinherited Shelley after his [[Elopement|elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] <br /> <br /> In 1813 Shelley published his first romantic poem ''Queen Mab'' where he presents in dramatic images the historical course of human suffering. He exposes the depressing status in past and present times where people suffer from the reign of kings and the atrocity of the church and where corruption, greediness for power and money, commercialisation and above all hypocrisy destroys the individual and society.[4]<br /> <br /> 'Commerce has set the mark of selfishness,<br /> The signet of its all-enslaving power,<br /> Upon a shining ore, and called it gold;<br /> Before whose image bow the vulgar great,<br /> The vainly rich, the miserable proud,<br /> The mob of peasants, nobles, priests and kings,<br /> And with blind feelings reverence the power<br /> That grinds them to the dust of misery.<br /> But in the temple of their hireling hearts<br /> Gold is a living god and rules in scorn<br /> All earthly things but virtue.(V, 53-63)[5]<br /> <br /> In a look to the future he then draws a more optimistic image of a better reconciled world.[4] <br /> <br /> Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the early feminist and writer [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci''. [1] <br /> <br /> Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> <br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> <br /> '''1811'''<br /> <br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> <br /> '''1813'''<br /> <br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> <br /> '''1815'''<br /> <br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> <br /> '''1817'''<br /> <br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> <br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> <br /> '''1819'''<br /> <br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> <br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> <br /> '''1821'''<br /> <br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. ''Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1.'' Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> <br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.<br /> <br /> [4] Höhne, Horst. ''Percy Bysshe Shelley, Leben und Werk.'' Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag, 1998.<br /> <br /> [5] The complete poetical works. 28 Nov 2009. &lt;[http://www.bartleby.com/139/]&gt;</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3475 2009-11-26T09:21:48Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], Byron and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> <br /> During his time at Oxford University he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from Oxford for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also disinherited Shelley after his [[Elopement|elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', in which he criticised the social mechanisms of repression [what does this mean concretely? a quote might be revealing].[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the early feminist and writer [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci''. [1] <br /> <br /> Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> <br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> <br /> '''1811'''<br /> <br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> <br /> '''1813'''<br /> <br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> <br /> '''1815'''<br /> <br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> <br /> '''1817'''<br /> <br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> <br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> <br /> '''1819'''<br /> <br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> <br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> <br /> '''1821'''<br /> <br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. ''Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1.'' Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> <br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3432 2009-11-21T11:01:32Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> <br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] <br /> <br /> Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> <br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> <br /> '''1811'''<br /> <br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> <br /> '''1813'''<br /> <br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> <br /> '''1815'''<br /> <br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> <br /> '''1817'''<br /> <br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> <br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> <br /> '''1819'''<br /> <br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> <br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> <br /> '''1821'''<br /> <br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. ''Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1.'' Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> <br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3431 2009-11-21T10:59:51Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> <br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> <br /> '''1811'''<br /> <br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> <br /> '''1813'''<br /> <br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> '''1815'''<br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> '''1817'''<br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> '''1819'''<br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> '''1821'''<br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. ''Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1.'' Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3430 2009-11-21T10:58:13Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''&lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> '''1811'''<br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> '''1813'''<br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> '''1815'''<br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> '''1817'''<br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> '''1819'''<br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> '''1821'''<br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur.'' Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. ''Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1.'' Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3429 2009-11-21T10:56:54Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] (1797-1851) became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 ''Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley'' and in 1839 ''The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley''.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> '''1811'''<br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> '''1813'''<br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> '''1815'''<br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> '''1817'''<br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> '''1819'''<br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> '''1821'''<br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. Lexikon der Englischen Literatur. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1. Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3428 2009-11-21T10:52:59Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend [[Thomas Jefferson Hogg]]. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley and in 1839 The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> '''1811'''<br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> '''1813'''<br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> '''1815'''<br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> '''1817'''<br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> '''1819'''<br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> '''1821'''<br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. Lexikon der Englischen Literatur. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1. Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;[http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php]&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3427 2009-11-21T10:50:36Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of [[Romanticism]]; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley and in 1839 The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> '''1811'''<br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> '''1813'''<br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> '''1815'''<br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> '''1817'''<br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> '''1819'''<br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> '''1821'''<br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. Lexikon der Englischen Literatur. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1. Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Percy_Bysshe_Shelley&diff=3426 2009-11-21T10:49:37Z

<p>Agent Jay: Created page with &#039;English writer and poet of Romanticism; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Togeth…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>English writer and poet of Romanticism; he was born on August 4, 1792 near Horsham in Sussex into an aristocratic family and died on July 7, 1822 in the gulf of La Spezia. Together with [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[John Keats]] he was one of the most important English romantic poets.[1]<br /> During his time at Oxford University College he published his first gothic novel ''Zastrozzi'' (1810). At that time he already revolted against the repressive social conventions and was in favor of the ideals for the [[Enlightenment]] and the [[French Revolution]]. [2] In 1811 Shelley was expelled from college for publishing ''The Necessity Of Atheism'' which he wrote together with his friend Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Both were neo-platonists, followers of a mythical philosophy, and defenders of atheism. [2] After college his father also withdrew his inheritance after his [[Elopement]] and marriage with 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. He travelled to Wales and Ireland where he also tried to get politically involved. He wrote the political scripts ''Address to the Irish People'' and ''Proposals for an Association'' in 1812 fighting for more rights of the Irish people.[1] In 1813 Shelley published his first poem ''Queen Mab'', where he criticised the social mechanisms of repression.[1] Although still married to Harriet he fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of his friend the sociocritical philosopher [[William Godwin]] and his wife, the suffragette [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]. In 1816 Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine. Percy Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin married and their daughter Clara was born. Later [[Mary Shelley]] became famous due to her novel ''Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus'' (1818). Due to health problems and the fear that his two children of his first marriage could be taken away from him, Percy Shelley and his family moved to Italy in 1818, where two of his children died. In 1819 he wrote the tragedy ''The Cenci'', the only work dealing with real persons. [1] Shelley's interest of writing shifted from his radically political ideas of reforms to more literary aspects.[2] His work ''A Defence of Poetry'' (written in 1821, published in 1840) is a programmatic presentation of the central ideas of Romanticism. Poetry and art were seen as central means to reconcile human suffering and alienation.[2] Another example of romantic poetry is the poem ''Adonaïs'' written in the tradition of the English pastoral elegy and written as reaction on the death of John Keats. In 1822 Percy was on a sailing trip when his small schooner sank and he drowned. His body was washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Shelley's friends [[Lord Byron]] and [[Leigh Hunt]], he was burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome on a cemetery where also John Keats is buried.[3] Mary Shelley returned to England and published in 1824 Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley and in 1839 The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> '''1810'''<br /> ''Zastrozzi''<br /> '''1811'''<br /> ''The Necessity of Atheism'' <br /> '''1813'''<br /> ''Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem'' <br /> '''1815'''<br /> ''Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude'' <br /> ''Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit''<br /> '''1817'''<br /> ''Hymn to Intellectual Beauty''<br /> ''Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City'' <br /> ''The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century'' <br /> ''History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland'' (written with Mary Shelley) <br /> '''1819'''<br /> ''The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts'' <br /> ''Ode to the West Wind''<br /> ''The Masque of Anarchy'' <br /> ''Men of England'' <br /> ''England in 1819'' <br /> ''The Witch of Atlas'' <br /> ''A Philosophical View of Reform'' <br /> '''1821'''<br /> ''Adonaïs'' <br /> ''A Defence of Poetry'' (first published in 1840) <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. Lexikon der Englischen Literatur. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979. <br /> [2] Hühn, Peter. Geschichte der englischen Lyrik 1. Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag, 1995.<br /> [3] The Keats-Shelley House. 21 Nov. 2009 &lt;http://www.keats-shelley-house.org/index.php&gt;.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=George_Farquhar&diff=2914 2009-10-24T13:17:04Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>Irish playwright and dramatist of [[Restoration Comedy]]; born between 1677[1] and 1678[2] in Londonderry, Ireland; died in 1707 in London. He started his studies at Trinity College in Dublin but had to leave college due to a boyish prank. He started as an actor – though not a very good one[2] – at the Smock-Alley-Theatre in Dublin. Due to an accident during fencing rehearsals on stage where Farquhar wounded a colleague he left theatre. He started a career as writer. It is not clear when he moved to London or whether he wrote his first play ''Love and a Bottle'' in Dublin on demand of his close friend Robert Wilks, a famous British actor.[3] The play was performed at Drury Lane in 1698. His second play, ''The Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'', was performed in 1699 starring Robert Wilks. <br /> Due to financial problems he worked between 1704 and 1705 as a recruiting lieutenant which inspired him to write the play ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706). George Farquhar was, however, not only concerned with writing plays but with the development of English theatre in general.[3] His plays were marked by humour, cynicism and sexual frankness.[4] Beyond these features of the restoration comedy his plays showed a high level of realism, a professional mediation of dialogues and a creation of credible characters.[3]<br /> In 1707 he wrote his most famous play ''The Beaux' Stratagem''. A few weeks after the premiere Far­quhar, who had been seriously ill for a long time, died impoverished in London.<br /> Farquhar's plays belong due to their wittiness and frankness to important literary pieces of restoration comedy. Moreover, he also tried to establish more realistic, natural and profound styles of writing and performance in English comedy theatre.[2]<br /> <br /> '''Works'''<br /> <br /> ''Love and a Bottle'' (1698)<br /> ''The Adventures of Covent-Garden'' (1699) <br /> ''A Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'' (1699) <br /> ''Love and Business'' (1701) <br /> ''Sir Harry Wildair'' (1701)<br /> ''The Inconstant, or The Way to Win Him'' (1702) <br /> ''The Twin-Rivals'' (1702) <br /> ''The Stage-Coach'' (1704) <br /> ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706) <br /> ''The Beaux' Stratagem'' (1707) <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur''. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979.<br /> <br /> [2] Kreutzer, Eberhard; Nünning, Ansgar. ''Metzler Lexikon Englischsprachiger'' ''Autorinnen und Autoren''. Stuttgart, Weimar: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 2002.<br /> <br /> [3] ''George Farquhar'' In: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 1911<br /> <br /> [4] Drabble, Margaret (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to English Literature. New Edition.'' Oxford Univer­sity Press, 1985, Fifth Edition.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=George_Farquhar&diff=2913 2009-10-24T13:15:04Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>'''GEORGE FARQUHAR'''<br /> <br /> Irish playwright and dramatist of [[Restoration Comedy]]; born between 1677[1] and 1678[2] in Londonderry, Ireland; died in 1707 in London. He started his studies at Trinity College in Dublin but had to leave college due to a boyish prank. He started as an actor – though not a very good one[2] – at the Smock-Alley-Theatre in Dublin. Due to an accident during fencing rehearsals on stage where Farquhar wounded a colleague he left theatre. He started a career as writer. It is not clear when he moved to London or whether he wrote his first play ''Love and a Bottle'' in Dublin on demand of his close friend Robert Wilks, a famous British actor.[3] The play was performed at Drury Lane in 1698. His second play, ''The Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'', was performed in 1699 starring Robert Wilks. <br /> Due to financial problems he worked between 1704 and 1705 as a recruiting lieutenant which inspired him to write the play ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706). George Farquhar was, however, not only concerned with writing plays but with the development of English theatre in general.[3] His plays were marked by humour, cynicism and sexual frankness.[4] Beyond these features of the restoration comedy his plays showed a high level of realism, a professional mediation of dialogues and a creation of credible characters.[3]<br /> In 1707 he wrote his most famous play ''The Beaux' Stratagem''. A few weeks after the premiere Far­quhar, who had been seriously ill for a long time, died impoverished in London.<br /> Farquhar's plays belong due to their wittiness and frankness to important literary pieces of restoration comedy. Moreover, he also tried to establish more realistic, natural and profound styles of writing and performance in English comedy theatre.[2]<br /> <br /> '''Works'''<br /> <br /> ''Love and a Bottle'' (1698)<br /> ''The Adventures of Covent-Garden'' (1699) <br /> ''A Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'' (1699) <br /> ''Love and Business'' (1701) <br /> ''Sir Harry Wildair'' (1701)<br /> ''The Inconstant, or The Way to Win Him'' (1702) <br /> ''The Twin-Rivals'' (1702) <br /> ''The Stage-Coach'' (1704) <br /> ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706) <br /> ''The Beaux' Stratagem'' (1707) <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur''. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979.<br /> <br /> [2] Kreutzer, Eberhard; Nünning, Ansgar. ''Metzler Lexikon Englischsprachiger'' ''Autorinnen und Autoren''. Stuttgart, Weimar: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 2002.<br /> <br /> [3] ''George Farquhar'' In: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 1911<br /> <br /> [4] Drabble, Margaret (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to English Literature. New Edition.'' Oxford Univer­sity Press, 1985, Fifth Edition.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=George_Farquhar&diff=2912 2009-10-24T12:32:30Z

<p>Agent Jay: </p> <hr /> <div>'''GEORGE FARQUHAR'''<br /> <br /> Irish playwright and dramatist of [[Restoration comedy]]; born between 1677[1] and 1678[2] in Londonderry, Ireland; died in 1707 in London. He started his studies at Trinity College in Dublin but had to leave college due to a boyish prank. He started as an actor – though not a very good one[2] – at the Smock-Alley-Theatre in Dublin. Due to an accident during fencing rehearsals on stage where Farquhar wounded a colleague he left theatre. He started a career as writer. It is not clear when he moved to London or whether he wrote his first play ''Love and a Bottle'' in Dublin on demand of his close friend Robert Wilks, a famous British actor.[3] The play was performed at Drury Lane in 1698. His second play, ''The Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'', was performed in 1699 starring Robert Wilks. <br /> Due to financial problems he worked between 1704 and 1705 as a recruiting lieutenant which inspired him to write the play ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706). George Farquhar was, however, not only concerned with writing plays but with the development of English theatre in general.[3] His plays were marked by humour, cynicism and sexual frankness.[4] Beyond these features of the restoration comedy his plays showed a high level of realism, a professional mediation of dialogues and a creation of credible characters.[3]<br /> In 1707 he wrote his most famous play ''The Beaux' Stratagem''. A few weeks after the premiere Far­quhar, who had been seriously ill for a long time, died impoverished in London.<br /> Farquhar's plays belong due to their wittiness and frankness to important literary pieces of restoration comedy. Moreover, he also tried to establish more realistic, natural and profound styles of writing and performance in English comedy theatre.[2]<br /> <br /> '''Works'''<br /> <br /> ''Love and a Bottle'' (1698)<br /> ''The Adventures of Covent-Garden'' (1699) <br /> ''A Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'' (1699) <br /> ''Love and Business'' (1701) <br /> ''Sir Harry Wildair'' (1701)<br /> ''The Inconstant, or The Way to Win Him'' (1702) <br /> ''The Twin-Rivals'' (1702) <br /> ''The Stage-Coach'' (1704) <br /> ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706) <br /> ''The Beaux' Stratagem'' (1707) <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur''. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979.<br /> <br /> [2] Kreutzer, Eberhard; Nünning, Ansgar. ''Metzler Lexikon Englischsprachiger'' ''Autorinnen und Autoren''. Stuttgart, Weimar: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 2002.<br /> <br /> [3] ''George Farquhar'' In: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 1911<br /> <br /> [4] Drabble, Margaret (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to English Literature. New Edition.'' Oxford Univer­sity Press, 1985, Fifth Edition.</div>

Agent Jay https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=George_Farquhar&diff=2911 2009-10-24T12:32:06Z

<p>Agent Jay: Created page with &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;GEORGE FARQUHAR&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Bold text&#039;&#039;&#039; Irish playwright and dramatist of Restoration comedy; born between 1677[1] and 1678[2] in Londonderry, Ireland; died in 1707 in London. …&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>'''GEORGE FARQUHAR''''''Bold text'''<br /> <br /> Irish playwright and dramatist of [[Restoration comedy]]; born between 1677[1] and 1678[2] in Londonderry, Ireland; died in 1707 in London. He started his studies at Trinity College in Dublin but had to leave college due to a boyish prank. He started as an actor – though not a very good one[2] – at the Smock-Alley-Theatre in Dublin. Due to an accident during fencing rehearsals on stage where Farquhar wounded a colleague he left theatre. He started a career as writer. It is not clear when he moved to London or whether he wrote his first play ''Love and a Bottle'' in Dublin on demand of his close friend Robert Wilks, a famous British actor.[3] The play was performed at Drury Lane in 1698. His second play, ''The Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'', was performed in 1699 starring Robert Wilks. <br /> Due to financial problems he worked between 1704 and 1705 as a recruiting lieutenant which inspired him to write the play ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706). George Farquhar was, however, not only concerned with writing plays but with the development of English theatre in general.[3] His plays were marked by humour, cynicism and sexual frankness.[4] Beyond these features of the restoration comedy his plays showed a high level of realism, a professional mediation of dialogues and a creation of credible characters.[3]<br /> In 1707 he wrote his most famous play ''The Beaux' Stratagem''. A few weeks after the premiere Far­quhar, who had been seriously ill for a long time, died impoverished in London.<br /> Farquhar's plays belong due to their wittiness and frankness to important literary pieces of restoration comedy. Moreover, he also tried to establish more realistic, natural and profound styles of writing and performance in English comedy theatre.[2]<br /> <br /> '''Works'''<br /> <br /> ''Love and a Bottle'' (1698)<br /> ''The Adventures of Covent-Garden'' (1699) <br /> ''A Constant Couple, or A Trip to the Jubilee'' (1699) <br /> ''Love and Business'' (1701) <br /> ''Sir Harry Wildair'' (1701)<br /> ''The Inconstant, or The Way to Win Him'' (1702) <br /> ''The Twin-Rivals'' (1702) <br /> ''The Stage-Coach'' (1704) <br /> ''The Recruiting Officer'' (1706) <br /> ''The Beaux' Stratagem'' (1707) <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> <br /> [1] Drescher, Horst W. ''Lexikon der Englischen Literatur''. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1979.<br /> <br /> [2] Kreutzer, Eberhard; Nünning, Ansgar. ''Metzler Lexikon Englischsprachiger'' ''Autorinnen und Autoren''. Stuttgart, Weimar: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 2002.<br /> <br /> [3] ''George Farquhar'' In: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 1911<br /> <br /> [4] Drabble, Margaret (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to English Literature. New Edition.'' Oxford Univer­sity Press, 1985, Fifth Edition.</div>

Agent Jay