British Culture - User contributions [en]

William III

2009-07-03T13:45:14Z

Anna:

== '''Reign (1689-1702)''' ==

Son of William II and his wife Mary (the sister of [[Charles II]] and [[James II]]). Later married James' oldest daughter Mary. Became English monarch (together with his wife) in 1689 after the [[Glorious Revolution]].

The reign of William III was strongly connected with the war against France and the rising influence of the [[Parliament]]. Due to the long war against France and its costs the King was dependent on the Parliament. In 1692 a general taxation was reinstalled to finance the war. The fear of the Parliament was that the King would become too influential now that he was appointing offices inside the army. So they came up with the [[Triennial Act]] and the [[Place Act]]. The Acts should secure that the Parliament will remain free from major influence of the King, but William III didn’t agree to them. The war ended in 1697 with the [[Treaty of Ryswick]] and the Parliament wanted to force the King to diminish the army. They offered him the [[Civil list]] (which still exist today), an annual grant of £700,000, for the diminishment of his army. On the 8th of March 1702 William III died, because of the wounds he received from a riding accident.
He passed the throne on to his sister in law Queen [[Anne I]].

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/MaryIIWilliamIII.aspx

William III

2009-07-03T13:44:52Z

Anna: /* Reign (1689-1702) */

== '''Reign (1689-1702)''' ==

Son of William II and his wife Mary (the sister of [[Charles II]] and [[James II]]). Later married James' oldest daughter Mary. Became English monarch (together with his wife) in 1689 after the [[Glorious Revolution]].

The reign of William III was strongly connected with the war against France and the rising influence of the [[Parliament]]. Due to the long war against France and its costs the King was dependent on the Parliament. In 1692 a general taxation was reinstalled to finance the war. The fear of the Parliament was that the King would become too influential now that he was appointing offices inside the army. So they came up with the [[Triennial Act]] and the [[Place Act]]. The Acts should secure that the Parliament will remain free from major influence of the King, but William III didn’t agree to them. The war ended in 1697 with the [[Treaty of Ryswick]] and the Parliament wanted to force the King to diminish the army. They offered him the Civil list (which still exist today), an annual grant of £700,000, for the diminishment of his army. On the 8th of March 1702 William III died, because of the wounds he received from a riding accident.
He passed the throne on to his sister in law Queen [[Anne I]].

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/MaryIIWilliamIII.aspx

William III

2009-07-03T13:43:36Z

Anna:

== '''Reign (1689-1702)''' ==

Son of William II and his wife Mary (the sister of [[Charles II]] and [[James II]]). Later married James' oldest daughter Mary. Became English monarch (together with his wife) in 1689 after the [[Glorious Revolution]].

The reign of William III was strongly connected with the war against France and the rising influence of the [[Parliament]]. Due to the long war against France and its costs the King was dependent on the Parliament. In 1692 a general taxation was reinstalled to finance the war. The fear of the Parliament was that the King would become too influential now that he was appointing offices inside the army. So they came up with the Triennial Act and the Place Act. The Acts should secure that the Parliament will remain free from major influence of the King, but William III didn’t agree to them. The war ended in 1697 with the Treaty of Ryswick and the Parliament wanted to force the King to diminish the army. They offered him the Civil list (which still exists today), an annual grant of £700,000, for the diminishment of his army. On the 8th of March 1702 William III died, because of the wounds he received from a riding accident.
He passed the throne on to his sister in law Queen [[Anne I]].

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/MaryIIWilliamIII.aspx

William III

2009-07-03T13:42:53Z

Anna:

== '''Reign (1689-1702)''' ==

Son of William II and his wife Mary (the sister of [[Charles II]] and [[James II]]). Later married James' oldest daughter Mary. Became English monarch (together with his wife) in 1689 after the [[Glorious Revolution]].

The reign of William III was strongly connected with the war against France and the rising influence of the [[Parliament]]. Due to the long war against France and its costs the King was dependent on the Parliament. In 1692 a general taxation was reinstalled to finance the war. The fear of the Parliament was that the King would become too influential now that he was appointing offices inside the army. So they came up with the Triennial Act and the Place Act. The Acts should secure that the Parliament will remain free from major influence of the King, but William III didn’t agree to them. The war ended in 1697 with the Treaty of Ryswick and the Parliament wanted to force the King to diminish the army. They offered him the Civil list (which still exists today), an annual grant of £700,000, for the diminishment of his army. On the 8th of March 1702 William III died, because of the wounds he had of a riding accident.
He passed the throne on to his sister in law Queen [[Anne I]].

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/MaryIIWilliamIII.aspx

Act of Union (1707)

2009-06-05T10:20:50Z

Anna: /* '''The Act of Union''' */

== '''The Act of Union''' ==

Even though the English and the Scottish crown were united since the reign of James I (Scottish James VI) the Act of Union was installed as a result of the Act of Settlement on the 1st of May 1707. According to the Act of Settlement the Hanoverian house should succeed Queen Anne I. To ensure that the Act of Settlement doesn’t divide the union of the crowns, which lasted around 100 years, the Act of Union was made. It is a contract, which units England’s and Scotland’s crown and formed the United Kingdom.

Literature:

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/Scottish%20Monarchs(400ad-1603)/TheStewarts/Anne.aspx

http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/01_background.html

Act of Union (1707)

2009-06-05T10:19:45Z

Anna:

== '''The Act of Union''' ==

Even though the English and the Scottish crown were united since the reign of James I (Scottish James VI) the Act of Union was installed as a result of the [[Media:Act of Settlement]] on the 1st of May 1707. According to the [[Media:Act of Settlement]] the Hanoverian house should succeed [[Media:Queen Anne I]]. To ensure that the [[Media:Act of Settlement]] doesn’t divide the union of the crowns, which lasted around 100 years, the Act of Union was made. It is a contract, which units England’s and Scotland’s crown and formed the [[Media:United Kingdom.]]

Literature:

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/Scottish%20Monarchs(400ad-1603)/TheStewarts/Anne.aspx

http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/01_background.html

Queen Anne

2009-05-11T20:20:29Z

Anna: /* '''Reign (1702-1714)''' */

== '''Biography''' ==

'''Queen Anne I (*1665 - † 1714)'''

Queen Anne was born in 1665. She was the daughter of James II and his first wife.
She was a Protestant and married to George, Prince of Denmark. Even though she was pregnant
17 times she only gave birth to five children, none of them survived to inherit the throne.
In 1702 she succeeded her brother in law William III. She died in 1714 and passed the throne on to her cousin the Hanoverian Prince Georg Louis. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml)

== '''Reign (1702-1714)''' ==

The reign of Queen Anne was dominated by war and political and religious changes.

The War of Spanish Succession was of great importance. It was an alliance between England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Portugal to fight against Louis XIV of France and his allies Spain and Bavaria. (Maurer, p.240) “A series of military victories by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, strengthened England’s negotiating position at the end of the war.” (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx) In 1713 the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in which Louis XIV had to acknowledge Anne’s title and exile her brother James Edward. (Maurer, p.240) “Unter Anna erreichte die englische Arme eine Stärke von durchschnittlich 120000 Mann. Auch die englische Flotte wurde in den Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich ausgebaut. Sie galt 1714 bereits als stärkste der Welt.“ (Maurer, p.239)

The Church and its political influence were an important issue during the time of Queen Anne I. Religion and political powers were strongly connected. There was the division of the church in two major parts, the ''High Church'' and the ''Low Church''. Both churches were supported by a political party. The ''Tories'' supported the ''High Church'', the ''Whigs'' the ''Low Church''. The connection of politics and religion resulted in the different opinions of how much influence the church should have. Supporters of the ''High Church'' wanted a great connection between the state and the church, while the supporters of the ''Low Church'' tried to divide the State from the church in terms of political power. The final decision was made after Queen Anne I died. (Maurer, p.237+238) “Als dann die Hannoveraner auf dem Thron waren, stützten sie sich hauptsächlich auf die ''Whigs'', die sie auf diesen Thron gebracht hatten.“ (Maurer, p.238)

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997, p.236-241.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx

Queen Anne

2009-05-11T20:18:16Z

Anna: /* '''Literature''' */

== '''Biography''' ==

'''Queen Anne I (*1665 - † 1714)'''

Queen Anne was born in 1665. She was the daughter of James II and his first wife.
She was a Protestant and married to George, Prince of Denmark. Even though she was pregnant
17 times she only gave birth to five children, none of them survived to inherit the throne.
In 1702 she succeeded her brother in law William III. She died in 1714 and passed the throne on to her cousin the Hanoverian Prince Georg Louis. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml)

== '''Reign (1702-1714)''' ==

The reign of Queen Anne was dominated by war and political and religious changes.

The War of Spanish Succession was of great importance. It was an alliance between England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Portugal to fight against Louis XIV of France and his allies Spain and Bavaria. (Maurer, p.240) “A series of military victories by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, strengthened England’s negotiating position at the end of the war.” (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx) In 1713 the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in which Louis XIV had to acknowledge Anne’s title and exile her brother James Edward. (Maurer, p.240) “Unter Anna erreichte die englische Arme eine Stärke von durchschnittlich 120000 Mann. Auch die englische Flotte wurde in den Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich ausgebaut. Sie galt 1714 bereits als stärkste der Welt.“ (Maurer, p.239)

The Church and its political influence were an important issue during the time of Queen Anne I. Religion and political powers were strongly connected. There was the division of the church in two major parts, the ''High Church'' and the ''Low Church''. Both churches were supported by a political party. The ''Tories'' supported the ''High Church'', the ''Whigs'' the ''Low Church''. The connection of politics and religion resulted in the different opinions of how much influence the church should have. Supporters of the ''High Church'' wanted a great connection between the state and the church, while the supporters of the ''Low Church'' tried to divide the State from the church in terms of political power. The final decision was made after Queen Anne I died. (Maurer, p.237+238) “Als dann die Hannoveraner auf dem Thron waren, stützten sie sich hauptsächlich auf die Whigs, die sie auf diesen Thron gebracht hatten.“ (Maurer, p.238)

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997, p.236-241.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx

Queen Anne

2009-05-11T20:17:25Z

Anna: /* '''Biography''' */

== '''Biography''' ==

'''Queen Anne I (*1665 - † 1714)'''

Queen Anne was born in 1665. She was the daughter of James II and his first wife.
She was a Protestant and married to George, Prince of Denmark. Even though she was pregnant
17 times she only gave birth to five children, none of them survived to inherit the throne.
In 1702 she succeeded her brother in law William III. She died in 1714 and passed the throne on to her cousin the Hanoverian Prince Georg Louis. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml)

== '''Reign (1702-1714)''' ==

The reign of Queen Anne was dominated by war and political and religious changes.

The War of Spanish Succession was of great importance. It was an alliance between England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Portugal to fight against Louis XIV of France and his allies Spain and Bavaria. (Maurer, p.240) “A series of military victories by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, strengthened England’s negotiating position at the end of the war.” (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx) In 1713 the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in which Louis XIV had to acknowledge Anne’s title and exile her brother James Edward. (Maurer, p.240) “Unter Anna erreichte die englische Arme eine Stärke von durchschnittlich 120000 Mann. Auch die englische Flotte wurde in den Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich ausgebaut. Sie galt 1714 bereits als stärkste der Welt.“ (Maurer, p.239)

The Church and its political influence were an important issue during the time of Queen Anne I. Religion and political powers were strongly connected. There was the division of the church in two major parts, the ''High Church'' and the ''Low Church''. Both churches were supported by a political party. The ''Tories'' supported the ''High Church'', the ''Whigs'' the ''Low Church''. The connection of politics and religion resulted in the different opinions of how much influence the church should have. Supporters of the ''High Church'' wanted a great connection between the state and the church, while the supporters of the ''Low Church'' tried to divide the State from the church in terms of political power. The final decision was made after Queen Anne I died. (Maurer, p.237+238) “Als dann die Hannoveraner auf dem Thron waren, stützten sie sich hauptsächlich auf die Whigs, die sie auf diesen Thron gebracht hatten.“ (Maurer, p.238)

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997, p.236-241.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml

Queen Anne

2009-05-11T20:16:46Z

Anna:

== '''Biography''' ==

'''Queen Anne I (*1665 - † 1714)'''

Queen Anne was born in 1665. She was the daughter of James II and his first wife.
She was a Protestant and married to George, Prince of Denmark. Even though she was pregnant
17 times she only gave birth to five children, none of them survived to inherit the throne.
In 1702 she succeeded her brother in law William III. She died in 1714 and passed the throne on to her cousin the Hanoverian Prince Georg Louis. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml)

== '''Reign (1702-1714)''' ==

The reign of Queen Anne was dominated by war and political and religious changes.

The War of Spanish Succession was of great importance. It was an alliance between England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Portugal to fight against Louis XIV of France and his allies Spain and Bavaria. (Maurer, p.240) “A series of military victories by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, strengthened England’s negotiating position at the end of the war.” (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx) In 1713 the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in which Louis XIV had to acknowledge Anne’s title and exile her brother James Edward. (Maurer, p.240) “Unter Anna erreichte die englische Arme eine Stärke von durchschnittlich 120000 Mann. Auch die englische Flotte wurde in den Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich ausgebaut. Sie galt 1714 bereits als stärkste der Welt.“ (Maurer, p.239)

The Church and its political influence were an important issue during the time of Queen Anne I. Religion and political powers were strongly connected. There was the division of the church in two major parts, the ''High Church'' and the ''Low Church''. Both churches were supported by a political party. The ''Tories'' supported the ''High Church'', the ''Whigs'' the ''Low Church''. The connection of politics and religion resulted in the different opinions of how much influence the church should have. Supporters of the ''High Church'' wanted a great connection between the state and the church, while the supporters of the ''Low Church'' tried to divide the State from the church in terms of political power. The final decision was made after Queen Anne I died. (Maurer, p.237+238) “Als dann die Hannoveraner auf dem Thron waren, stützten sie sich hauptsächlich auf die Whigs, die sie auf diesen Thron gebracht hatten.“ (Maurer, p.238)

== '''Literature''' ==

Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Reclam: Stuttgart 1997, p.236-241.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/Anne.aspx

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne_queen.shtml