British Culture - User contributions [en]

Second wave

2012-06-14T22:52:43Z

KaJel: /* Electronic Media */

"School" of playwrights working in the 1960s and 1970s, influenced by sociopolitical changes.

== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.
[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In ''[[Saved]]'' (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).

== Fringe Theatre ==

The situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage because the fringe theatre created many new talented playwrights, that brought the nearness to the audience and the openness for experimental elements and themes, from the intimate and personal stage on the big stage.

Before the rising of the fringe theatre, there were almost exclusively male playwrights dominating the English drama scene. After the establishment of this new form, women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles and other "difficult" subjects. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.

----
References

Innes, Christopher. ''Modern British Drama 1890-1990''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-14T22:15:06Z

KaJel: /* Fringe Theatre */

"School" of playwrights working in the 1960s and 1970s, influenced by sociopolitical changes.

== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.
[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In ''[[Saved]]'' (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).

== Fringe Theatre ==

The situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage because the fringe theatre created many new talented playwrights, that brought the nearness to the audience and the openness for experimental elements and themes, from the intimate and personal stage on the big stage.

Before the rising of the fringe theatre, there were almost exclusively male playwrights dominating the English drama scene. After the establishment of this new form, women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles and other "difficult" subjects. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage. [This is usually not seen as part of the Second Wave, but of "postdramatic theatre"]

----
References

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-14T21:38:03Z

KaJel: /* Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt */

"School" of playwrights working in the 1960s and 1970s, influenced by sociopolitical changes.

== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.
[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In ''[[Saved]]'' (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).

== Fringe Theatre ==

The situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage. [how??]

Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed "postmodern permutation of gender roles" and debunked the connection between the British "colonial mentality and the sexual oppression" [source??]. [is Churchill considered Second Wave? I don't think so. Please check]

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage. [This is usually not seen as part of the Second Wave, but of "postdramatic theatre"]

----
References

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-14T21:37:27Z

KaJel: /* Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt */

"School" of playwrights working in the 1960s and 1970s, influenced by sociopolitical changes.

== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.
[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In [[''Saved'']] (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).

== Fringe Theatre ==

The situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage. [how??]

Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed "postmodern permutation of gender roles" and debunked the connection between the British "colonial mentality and the sexual oppression" [source??]. [is Churchill considered Second Wave? I don't think so. Please check]

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage. [This is usually not seen as part of the Second Wave, but of "postdramatic theatre"]

----
References

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:29:13Z

KaJel: /* Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre */

Name for the time period in the history of English drama, caused by sociopolitical changes at the end of the 1960s.

== Political Changes ==

In 1986 there was a huge sociopolitical revolution in the British society that had influenced the change in the English drama, especially in the theatre. At this several factors were essential for this modifications.

Until 1968 the representation of "violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes" was censored by [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.

Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the "removal of taboos" caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.

== Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre ==

The role of gender and feministic influence were not only themes in the works of male playwrights. Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could break with traditional gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed "postmodern permutation of gender roles" and debunked the connection between the British "colonial mentality and the sexual oppression".

Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.

----
References

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:28:55Z

KaJel: /* Political Changes */

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:28:41Z

KaJel: /* Electronic Media */

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:28:15Z

KaJel: /* Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre */

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:27:44Z

KaJel:

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:24:08Z

KaJel: /* Second Wave */

Name for the time period in the history of English drama, caused by sociopolitical changes at the end of the 1960s.

== Political Changes ==

In 1986 there was a huge sociopolitical revolution in the British society that had influenced the change in the English drama, especially in the theatre. At this several factors were essential for this modifications.

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.

Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the removal of taboos caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.

== Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre ==

The role of gender and feministic influence were not only themes in the works of male playwrights. Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could break with traditional gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.

----
References

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:23:35Z

KaJel: /* Second Wave */

== Second Wave ==

Name for the time period in the history of English drama, caused by sociopolitical changes at the end of the 1960s.

== Political Changes ==

In 1986 there was a huge sociopolitical revolution in the British society that had influenced the change in the English drama, especially in the theatre. At this several factors were essential for this modifications.

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.

Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the removal of taboos caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.

== Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre ==

The role of gender and feministic influence were not only themes in the works of male playwrights. Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could break with traditional gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.

== Electronic Media ==

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.

----
References

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

Second wave

2012-06-10T20:12:39Z

KaJel: Created page with '== Second Wave == Name for the time period in the history of English drama, caused by sociopolitical changes at the end of the 1960s. ---- In 1986 there was a huge so…'

== Second Wave ==

Name for the time period in the history of English drama, caused by sociopolitical changes at the end of the 1960s.

----

In 1986 there was a huge sociopolitical revolution in the British society that had influenced the change in the English drama, especially in the theatre. At this several factors were essential for this modifications.

*== Abolishment of Censorship ==

----

Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.

*== Students Revolt ==

----

Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the removal of taboos caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.

*== Women Playwrights ==

----

The role of gender and feministic influence were not only themes in the works of male playwrights. Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could break with traditional gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

*== Fringe Theatre ==

----

Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.

*== Electronic Media ==

----

The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.

----
Refrences

''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.