British Culture - User contributions [en]

The Bauhaus

2021-06-18T18:03:39Z

Leomaddiesee:

The Staatliches Bauhaus, better known as the ‘Bauhaus’, was a school for ongoing architects and craftsmen found by German architect [[Walter Gropius]]. The neologism ‘Bauhaus’ is a reversed combination of the two components ‘Haus’ and ‘Bau’ of the German compound ‘Hausbau’, which translates to ‘buidling of a house'. In combining the ''Weimar Academy of Arts'' and the ''Weimar School of Arts and Crafts'' students were not only taught architecture but also various artisanries, which were linked to architecture, in order to understand the composite character of the building. According to Gropius contemporary art schools “were incapable producing this unity” (Walter Gropius, Program of the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar). He sought for a “new building of the future” (Walter Gropius, see above) uniting architecture and craftsmanship. While this aim was also pursued by the Arts and Crafts movement led by the English designer William Morris, Gropius was in favour of mass production, which he thought of as necessary to reach the masses, and thus rejected the production of unique luxury objects. Led by this example modern designers began to produce items that were both, functional and aesthetically pleasing at the same time.

== Training ==

The education at the Bauhaus is completed by a journeyman’s diploma. Over the course of three years the students receive a multidisciplinary education, which not only includes workshops on graphics and typography but also more practical workshops that focus on artisanry and creative workshops like weaving and stagecraft. The workshops are preceded by a preliminary obligatory course. The teaching staff consists of so-called ''Form Masters'', who are responsible for the theoretical education, and craftsmen, who introduce the different artisanries and their practices.

== History ==

The Bauhaus was found by Gropius in Weimar in 1919. When the Bauhaus in Weimar had to be closed due to cuts in state support, it was moved to Dessau in 1925. After Gropius finished designing the Bauhaus building in Dessau in 1926, he consecrated himself to the design of inner-city projects. Among them the Meisterhäuser (eng. Master’s houses) in Dessau-Roßlau, the housing estate in Dessau-Törten and the apartment buildings in Siemensstadt in Berlin. Annoyed by the political quarrels around the Bauhaus in 1928, Gropius handed over his role as the director general to Swiss architect Hannes Meyer, who he had to dismiss under political pressure two years later. Gropius suggested Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as the third director general of the Bauhaus. The increasing impact of the National Socialist German Worker's Party during the NS-regime on municipalities like Dessau eventually led to the closing of the Bauhaus in Dessau in 1931. In need for a new placement current director general Mies van der Rohe rehabilitated a deteriorated factory in Berlin, which he rented himself. The Bauhaus in Berlin was closed down by the NS regime in 1933 and Gropius had to emigrate to England.

== Impact ==

The Bauhaus had a far reaching impact on design, teaching methods and ideals, which were transmitted by its teachers and students. Thus the Bauhaus products were largely reproduced and found widespread acceptance for its functional objects and unornamental designs. It even led to the foundation of the ''New Bauhaus'', which was later renamed the ''Institute of Design'', in Chicago in 1937 by Moholy-Nagy.

== Works cited ==

''Bauhaus Kooperation Berlin Dessau Weimar''. Walter Gropius. 1919-1928 Direktor des Bauhauses. 18. June 2021 <https://www.bauhauskooperation.de/wissen/das-bauhaus/koepfe/direktoren/walter-gropius/>.

''Design Museum of Chicago''. Program of the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar. Walter Gropius, 1919. 18. June 2021 <https://bauhausmanifesto.com/>.

''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Bauhaus. German school of design. 18. June 2021 <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bauhaus>.

The Bauhaus

2021-06-18T08:03:01Z

Leomaddiesee:

The Bauhaus, in length Staatliches Bauhaus, was a school of design, architecture and applied arts found by German architect [[Walter Gropius]] in Weimar in 1919. The neologism ‘Bauhaus’ (eng. house of a building) is an inversion of the German word ‘Hausbau’, which translates to ‘building of a house in English. In combining the Weimar Academy of Arts and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts students were not only taught architecture but also various crafts, which were linked to architecture, in order to understand the composite character of the building. According to Gropius contemporary art schools “were incapable producing this unity”. He sought for a “new building of the future” uniting architecture and craftsmanship. While this aim was also pursued by the Arts and Crafts movement led by the English designer William Morris, Gropius was in favour of mass production, which he thought of as necessary to reach the masses, and thus rejected the production of unique luxury objects. Led by this example modern designers began to produce items that were both, functional and aesthetically pleasing at the same time.

== Training ==

The education at the Bauhaus is completed by a journeyman’s diploma. Over the course of three years the students receive workshops in the fields of carpentry, metal, pottery, stained glass, wall painting, weaving, graphics, typography and stagecraft, which are preceded by a preliminary obligatory course. The workshops were generally taught by a team of a Form Master and a craftsman who emphasised theory and techniques and technical processes to equal parts.

== History ==

The Bauhaus was found by Gropius in Weimar in 1919. When the Bauhaus in Weimar had to be closed due to cuts in state support, it was moved to Dessau in 1925. After Gropius finished designing the Bauhaus building in Dessau in 1926, he consecrated himself to the design of inner-city projects. Among them the Meisterhäuser (eng. Master’s houses) in Dessau-Roßlau, the housing estate in Dessau-Törten and the apartment buildings in Siemensstadt in Berlin. Annoyed by the political quarrels around the Bauhaus in 1928, Gropius handed over his role as the director general to Swiss architect Hannes Meyer, who he had to dismiss under political pressure two years later. Gropius suggested Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as the third director general of the Bauhaus. When the National Socialist German Worker’s Party became more and more influential in Dessau and eventually closed down the Bauhaus in Dessau in 1931, Mies van der Rohe rented a derelict factory in Berlin as the new Bauhaus. The Bauhaus in Berlin was closed down by the NS regime in 1933 and Gropius had to emigrate to England.

== Impact ==

The Bauhaus had a far reaching impact on design, teaching methods and ideals, which were transmitted by its teachers and students. Thus the Bauhaus products were largely reproduced and found widespread acceptance for its functional objects and unornamental designs. It even led to the foundation of the New Bauhaus, which was later renamed the Institute of Design, in Chicago in 1937 by Moholy-Nagy.

== Works cited ==

''Bauhaus Kooperation Berlin Dessau Weimar''. Walter Gropius. 1919-1928 Direktor des Bauhauses. 18. June 2021 <https://www.bauhauskooperation.de/wissen/das-bauhaus/koepfe/direktoren/walter-gropius/>.

''Design Museum of Chicago''. Program of the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar. Walter Gropius, 1919. 18. June 2021 <https://bauhausmanifesto.com/>.

''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Bauhaus. German school of design. 18. June 2021 <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bauhaus>.

The Bauhaus

2021-06-18T07:57:19Z

Leomaddiesee:

The Bauhaus, in length Staatliches Bauhaus, was a school of design, architecture and applied arts found by German architect [[Walter Gropius]] in Weimar in 1919. The neologism ‘Bauhaus’ (eng. house of a building) is an inversion of the German word ‘Hausbau’, which translates to ‘building of a house in English. In combining the Weimar Academy of Arts and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts students were not only taught architecture but also various crafts, which were linked to architecture, in order to understand the composite character of the building. According to Gropius contemporary art schools “were incapable producing this unity”. He sought for a “new building of the future” uniting architecture and craftsmanship. While this aim was also pursued by the Arts and Crafts movement led by the English designer William Morris, Gropius was in favour of mass production, which he thought of as necessary to reach the masses, and thus rejected the production of unique luxury objects. Led by this example modern designers began to produce items that were both, functional and aesthetically pleasing at the same time.

== Training ==

The education at the Bauhaus is completed by a journeyman’s diploma. Over the course of three years the students receive workshops in the fields of carpentry, metal, pottery, stained glass, wall painting, weaving, graphics, typography and stagecraft, which are preceded by a preliminary obligatory course. The workshops were generally taught by a team of a Form Master and a craftsman who emphasised theory and techniques and technical processes to equal parts.

== History ==

The Bauhaus was found by Gropius in Weimar in 1919. When the Bauhaus in Weimar had to be closed due to cuts in state support, it was moved to Dessau in 1925. After Gropius finished designing the Bauhaus building in Dessau in 1926, he consecrated himself to the design of inner-city projects. Among them the Meisterhäuser (eng. Master’s houses) in Dessau-Roßlau, the housing estate in Dessau-Törten and the apartment buildings in Siemensstadt in Berlin. Annoyed by the political quarrels around the Bauhaus in 1928, Gropius handed over his role as the director general to Swiss architect Hannes Meyer, who he had to dismiss under political pressure two years later. Gropius suggested Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as the third director general of the Bauhaus. When the National Socialist German Worker’s Party became more and more influential in Dessau and eventually closed down the Bauhaus in Dessau in 1931, Mies van der Rohe rented a derelict factory in Berlin as the new Bauhaus. The Bauhaus in Berlin was closed down by the NS regime in 1933 and Gropius had to emigrate to England.

== Impact ==

The Bauhaus had a far reaching impact on design, teaching methods and ideals, which were transmitted by its teachers and students. Thus the Bauhaus products were largely reproduced and found widespread acceptance for its functional objects and unornamental designs. It even led to the foundation of the New Bauhaus, which was later renamed the Institute of Design, in Chicago in 1937 by Moholy-Nagy.

== Works cited ==

Bauhaus Kooperation Berlin Dessau Weimar. Walter Gropius. 1919-1928 Direktor des Bauhauses. https://www.bauhauskooperation.de/wissen/das-bauhaus/koepfe/direktoren/walter-gropius/ [Accessed 18.06.2021]

Encyclopedia Britannica: Bauhaus. German school of design. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bauhaus [Accessed 18.06.2021]

Design Museum of Chicago: Program of the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar. Walter Gropius, 1919. https://bauhausmanifesto.com/ [Accessed 18.06.2021]

The Bauhaus

2021-06-18T07:46:26Z

Leomaddiesee:

The Bauhaus

2021-06-18T05:53:42Z

Leomaddiesee:

Bauhaus was named after the combination of the German word 'Bau' (eng. building) and the German word 'Haus' (eng. house) and was first established by [[Walter Gropius]] in 1919 in the German town of Weimar.

Walter Gropius

2021-06-18T05:53:22Z

Leomaddiesee: /* Bauhaus */

18 May 1883 (Berlin) - 5 July 1969 (Boston). German and later US-American architect, co-founder of modern design and founder of Bauhaus.

== Bauhaus ==

[[The Bauhaus|Bauhaus]] was an art-school based on the idea to bring together pure design and art. Functional buildings should reflect the modern and dynamic society of the time. Gropius worked with materials like glass and steel which gave the buildings not only a modern look but also a clear and defined structure.

== Life ==

Gropius studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich from 1903-1907 until he changed to the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg. This change paved the way for Gropius to work at the office of the architect Peter Behrens in Berlin, through whom he met Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

In 1910 Gropius opened his own architectural office. The Fagus-Werk in Alfeld is one of the first buildings in Germany that introduced the “new architecture”, consisting of new materials like iron and glass. Over the next nine years Gropius designed several office and factory buildings in Germany. During [[World War I]] (1914-1918) Gropius served on the Western Front.

In 1919 Gropius founded the Bauhaus in Weimar and was its director. Its aim was the establishment of "building the future" as a total work of art.

When Hitler came to power (1933), Gropius feared attacks on his person and fled into exile in England. There, he helped to design the Isokon building. In 1937 he emigrated to Cambridge (Massachusetts) and took a job as a professor of architecture at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University.

One year later Gropius opened his own architectural office in Cambridge, Masachusetts. Moreover, he designed a block of flats for the construction exhibition in West Berlin. In the 1960s, he also designed a large housing estate "Gropiusstadt" in West Berlin.

== Private Life ==

In 1915 Gropius married Alma Mahler. After the divorce in 1923 Gropius married Ilse Frank.

'''Literature'''

Becker, Annette et al. Bauen und Wohnen in Gemeinschaft / Building and Living in Communities: Ideen, Prozesse, Architektur / Ideas, Processes, Architecture. N.p: BIRKHÄUSER, 2015

Bauhaus-Jubiläum 2019: Die Welt neu denken. Web 18 Jan. 2015 <http://bauhaus-online.de/100-jahre-bauhaus>

Lebendiges Museum Online. Web 18.01.2016 <https://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/walter-gropius>

Walter Gropius

2021-06-18T05:47:16Z

Leomaddiesee: /* Bauhaus */

18 May 1883 (Berlin) - 5 July 1969 (Boston). German and later US-American architect, co-founder of modern design and founder of Bauhaus.

== Bauhaus ==

Bauhaus was an art-school based on the idea to bring together pure design and art. Functional buildings should reflect the modern and dynamic society of the time. Gropius worked with materials like glass and steel which gave the buildings not only a modern look but also a clear and defined structure.

== Life ==

Gropius studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich from 1903-1907 until he changed to the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg. This change paved the way for Gropius to work at the office of the architect Peter Behrens in Berlin, through whom he met Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

In 1910 Gropius opened his own architectural office. The Fagus-Werk in Alfeld is one of the first buildings in Germany that introduced the “new architecture”, consisting of new materials like iron and glass. Over the next nine years Gropius designed several office and factory buildings in Germany. During [[World War I]] (1914-1918) Gropius served on the Western Front.

In 1919 Gropius founded the Bauhaus in Weimar and was its director. Its aim was the establishment of "building the future" as a total work of art.

When Hitler came to power (1933), Gropius feared attacks on his person and fled into exile in England. There, he helped to design the Isokon building. In 1937 he emigrated to Cambridge (Massachusetts) and took a job as a professor of architecture at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University.

One year later Gropius opened his own architectural office in Cambridge, Masachusetts. Moreover, he designed a block of flats for the construction exhibition in West Berlin. In the 1960s, he also designed a large housing estate "Gropiusstadt" in West Berlin.

== Private Life ==

In 1915 Gropius married Alma Mahler. After the divorce in 1923 Gropius married Ilse Frank.

'''Literature'''

Becker, Annette et al. Bauen und Wohnen in Gemeinschaft / Building and Living in Communities: Ideen, Prozesse, Architektur / Ideas, Processes, Architecture. N.p: BIRKHÄUSER, 2015

Bauhaus-Jubiläum 2019: Die Welt neu denken. Web 18 Jan. 2015 <http://bauhaus-online.de/100-jahre-bauhaus>

Lebendiges Museum Online. Web 18.01.2016 <https://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/walter-gropius>

Walter Gropius

2021-06-18T05:46:47Z

Leomaddiesee: /* Bauhaus */

18 May 1883 (Berlin) - 5 July 1969 (Boston). German and later US-American architect, co-founder of modern design and founder of Bauhaus.

== Bauhaus ==

[[https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php/The_Bauhaus|Bauhaus]] was an art-school based on the idea to bring together pure design and art. Functional buildings should reflect the modern and dynamic society of the time. Gropius worked with materials like glass and steel which gave the buildings not only a modern look but also a clear and defined structure.

== Life ==

Gropius studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich from 1903-1907 until he changed to the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg. This change paved the way for Gropius to work at the office of the architect Peter Behrens in Berlin, through whom he met Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

In 1910 Gropius opened his own architectural office. The Fagus-Werk in Alfeld is one of the first buildings in Germany that introduced the “new architecture”, consisting of new materials like iron and glass. Over the next nine years Gropius designed several office and factory buildings in Germany. During [[World War I]] (1914-1918) Gropius served on the Western Front.

In 1919 Gropius founded the Bauhaus in Weimar and was its director. Its aim was the establishment of "building the future" as a total work of art.

When Hitler came to power (1933), Gropius feared attacks on his person and fled into exile in England. There, he helped to design the Isokon building. In 1937 he emigrated to Cambridge (Massachusetts) and took a job as a professor of architecture at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University.

One year later Gropius opened his own architectural office in Cambridge, Masachusetts. Moreover, he designed a block of flats for the construction exhibition in West Berlin. In the 1960s, he also designed a large housing estate "Gropiusstadt" in West Berlin.

== Private Life ==

In 1915 Gropius married Alma Mahler. After the divorce in 1923 Gropius married Ilse Frank.

'''Literature'''

Becker, Annette et al. Bauen und Wohnen in Gemeinschaft / Building and Living in Communities: Ideen, Prozesse, Architektur / Ideas, Processes, Architecture. N.p: BIRKHÄUSER, 2015

Bauhaus-Jubiläum 2019: Die Welt neu denken. Web 18 Jan. 2015 <http://bauhaus-online.de/100-jahre-bauhaus>

Lebendiges Museum Online. Web 18.01.2016 <https://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/walter-gropius>

The Bauhaus

2021-06-18T05:44:31Z

Leomaddiesee: Created page with "Bauhaus was named after the combination of the German word 'Bau' (eng. building) and the German word 'Haus' (eng. house) and was first established by Walter Gropius in 1919 in..."

Bauhaus was named after the combination of the German word 'Bau' (eng. building) and the German word 'Haus' (eng. house) and was first established by Walter Gropius in 1919 in the German town of Weimar.