British Culture - User contributions [en]

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T19:55:57Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres - Private and Public-==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a separation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be referred to as ''privileged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definition in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination" (male power over women).

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the separation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintenance of a "system of subordination", the ''Subjection of Women'' however attempts to expose and to break this "system of subordination".

This idea about the segregation of the two spheres of life can be seen as quite idealized, as no one really lived completely in the private or public as stated in the theory. Upper class women for instance were far more public than private, and low class women were also far more public than private. But both in different ways.

'''Nature'''

According to Ruskin, the female role is dependant and also determined by the inherent nature and the abilities of the women themselves and equality is not possible since women are in nothing alike to men at all. This is a rather artificial approach to the separation of the spheres and contrasts totally Mill's approach saying that the distinctions between gender temperaments and roles are culturally created and are thus a result of an artificial cultivation.

'''Education'''

In trying to find an additional way to justify the separation of the spheres, Ruskin says that women are not supposed to be the object of education (language, literature etc.) for they grow like flowers. Education should be used in order to prepare them for their private duties and responsibilities, for instance being a good wife and mother. On the other Hand there is Mill developing an image of traditional education as being some kind of "mental enslavement" preventing mankind’s abilities from doubling the world’s intellectual talents by not teaching women.

----
'''Sources'''

Millet, Kate: The Debate over Women. in: Vicinus, Martha (ed.): Suffer and be still. Indiana University Press, 1972. pp. 121-139.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_separate_spheres_mean

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T19:44:12Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres - Private and Public-==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a separation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be referred to as ''privileged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definition in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination" (male power over women).

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the separation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintenance of a "system of subordination", the ''Subjection of Women'' however attempts to expose and to break this "system of subordination".

This idea about the segregation of the two spheres of life can be seen as quite idealized, as no one really lived completely in the private or public as stated in the theory. Upper class women for instance were far more public than private, and low class women were also far more public than private. But both in different ways.

'''Nature'''

According to Ruskin, the female role is dependant and also determined by the inherent nature and the abilities of the women themselves and equality is not possible since women are in nothing alike to men at all. This is a rather artificial approach to the separation of the spheres and contrasts totally Mill's approach saying that the distinctions between gender temperaments and roles are culturally created and thus a result of an artificial cultivation.

'''Education'''

In trying to find an additional way to justify the separation of the spheres, Ruskin says that women are not supposed to be the object of education (language, literature etc.) for they grow like flowers. Education should be used in order to prepare them for their private duties and responsibilities, for instance being a good wife and mother. On the other Hand there is Mill developing an image of traditional education as being some kind of "mental enslavement" preventing mankind’s abilities from doubling the world’s intellectual talents by not teaching women.

----
'''Sources'''

Millet, Kate: The Debate over Women. in: Vicinus, Martha (ed.): Suffer and be still. Indiana University Press, 1972. pp. 121-139.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_separate_spheres_mean

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T19:40:09Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres -Nature and Education ==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a seperation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be reffered to as ''priviledged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definiton in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination" (male power over women).

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the seperation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintainance of a "system of subordination", the ''Subjection of Women'' however attempts to expose and to break this "system of subordination".

This idea about the segregation of the two spheres of lifecan be seen as quite idealized, as no one really lived completely in the private or public as stated in the theory. Upper class women for instance were far more public than private, and low class women were also far more public than private. But both in different ways.

'''Nature'''

According to Ruskin, the female role is dependant and also determined by the inherent nature and the abilities of the women themselves and equality is not possible since women are in nothing alike to men at all. This is a rather artificial approach to the seperation of the spheres and contrasts totally Mill's approach saying that the distinctions between gender temperaments and roles are culturally created and thus a result of an artificial cultivation.

'''Education'''

In trying to find an additional way to justify the seperation of the spheres, Ruskin says that women are not supposed to be the object of education (language, literature etc.) for they grow like flowers. Education should be used in order to prepare them for their private duties and responsibilities, for instance being a good wife and mother. On the other Hand there is Mill developing an image of traditional education as being some kind of "mental enslavement" preventing mankinds abilities from doubling the worlds intelectual talents by not teching women.

----
'''Sources'''

Millet, Kate: The Debate over Women. in: Vicinus, Martha (ed.): Suffer and be still. Indiana University Press, 1972. pp. 121-139.

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T19:26:55Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres -Nature and Education ==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a seperation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be reffered to as ''priviledged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definiton in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination".

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the seperation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintainance of a "system of subordination", the ''Subjection of Women'' however attempts to expose and to break this "system of subordination".

'''Nature'''

According to Ruskin, the female role is dependant and also determined by the inherent nature and the abilities of the women themselves and equality is not possible since women are in nothing alike to men at all. This is a rather artificial approach to the seperation of the spheres and contrasts totally Mill's approach saying that the distinctions between gender temperaments and roles are culturally created and thus a result of an artificial cultivation.

'''Education'''

In trying to find an additional way to justify the seperation of the spheres, Ruskin says that women are not supposed to be the object of education (language, literature etc.) for they grow like flowers. Education should be used in order to prepare them for their private duties and responsibilities, for instance being a good wife and mother. On the other Hand there is Mill developing an image of traditional education as being some kind of "mental enslavement" preventing mankinds abilities from doubling the worlds intelectual talents by not teching women.

== Neo-Paladianism ==

----
'''Sources'''

Millet, Kate: The Debate over Women. in: Vicinus, Martha (ed.): Suffer and be still. Indiana University Press, 1972. pp. 121-139.

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T19:23:50Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres -Nature and Education ==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a seperation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be reffered to as ''priviledged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definiton in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination".

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the seperation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintainance of a "system of subordination", the ''Subjection of Women'' however attempts to expose and to break this "system of subordination".

'''Nature'''

According to Ruskin, the female role is dependant and also determined by the inherent nature and the abilities of the women themselves and equality is not possible since women are in nothing alike to men at all. This is a rather artificial approach to the seperation of the spheres and contrasts totally Mill's approach saying that the distinctions between gender temperaments and roles are culturally created and thus a result of an artificial cultivation.

'''Education'''

In trying to find an additional way to justify the seperation of the spheres, Ruskin says that women are not supposed to be the object of education (language, literature etc.) for they grow like flowers. Education should be used in order to prepare them for their private duties and responsibilities, for instance being a good wife and mother. On the other Hand there is Mill developing an image of traditional education as being some kind of "mental enslavement" preventing mankinds abilities from doubling the worlds intelectual talents by not teching women.

----
'''Sources'''
Millet, Kate: The Debate over Women. in: Vicinus, Martha (ed.): Suffer and be still. Indiana University Press, 1972. pp. 121-139.

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T19:19:19Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres -Nature and Education ==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a seperation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be reffered to as ''priviledged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definiton in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination".

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the seperation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintainance of a "system of subordination", the ''Subjection of Women'' however attempts to expose and to break this "system of subordination".

'''Nature'''

According to Ruskin, the female role is dependant and also determined by the inherent nature and the abilities of the women themselves and equality is not possible since women are in nothing alike to men at all. This is a rather artificial approach to the seperation of the spheres and contrasts totally Mill's approach saying that the distinctions between gender temperaments and roles are culturally created and thus a result of an artificial cultivation.

'''Education'''

In trying to find an additional way to justify the seperation of the spheres, Ruskin says that women are not supposed to be the object of education (language, literature etc.) for they grow like flowers. Education should be used in order to prepare them for their private duties and responsibilities, for instance being a good wife and mother. On the other Hand there is Mill developing an image of traditional education as being some kind of "mental enslavement" preventing mankinds abilities from doubling the worlds intelectual talents by not teching women.

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T18:54:06Z

Retnüg:

== Separation of the Spheres (public/private; male/female) ==

In the 18th century and afterwards there was one major belief towards a seperation of male and/or female roles (duties) in society. On the one hand there was the "public sphere" which was generally associated with male duties such as war, money, politics and learning, whereas on the other hand the "private sphere" was linked to female duties such as domestic life. The male duties can also be reffered to as ''priviledged duties'' whereas female duties allow a definiton in terms of ''responsibility'' in the domestic field. One could also think of a "system of subordination".

By contrasting two literary works. firstly John Ruskin's "''Of Queens Gardens''" and secondly Stuart Mill's ''Subjection of Women'' one is enabled to understand easily the attitudes towards the seperation of male and female spheres. ''Of Queens Gardens'' refers to the maintainance of a "system of subordination", however, the ''Subjection of Women'' attempts to expose and to break the "system of subordination".

'''Nature'''

Article is under construction.

Separation of the Spheres in terms of gender roles. Public Sphere (men dominated) and Private Sphere (women's sector)

== Headline text ==

Separation of Spheres

2010-01-25T16:36:58Z

Retnüg: Created page with 'Article is under construction. Separation of the Spheres in terms of gender roles. Public Sphere (men dominated) and Private Sphere (women's sector)'

Article is under construction.

Separation of the Spheres in terms of gender roles. Public Sphere (men dominated) and Private Sphere (women's sector)

Nuclear family

2009-12-14T22:01:07Z

Retnüg: /* Common Definition */

== Common Definition ==

What can be described as a nuclear family can be explained in terms of a family consisting of a) one mother, b) one father, c) one or two or even more children, d) and a status of being able to provide itself with material and/or monetary goods. In Opposition to the [[extended family]], the nuclear family has to share the goods and resources only between a small group of individuals. On the other hand sharing resources with a close knit family network (see also extended family) would contradict the conditions of being defined as a nuclear family.

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'''Late Eighteenth Century '''

At the beginning and also during the industrial revolution, which was a long-lasting process during which productional and technical changes had a wide-range influence on productive structures, family structures also had been changing due to newly emerging social phenomena. On account of industrial changings the bourgeois nuclear family came to be the dominant form of family structures.

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Sources:

http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/6-23-2004-55793.asp

Ariés, Phhillipe and Duby, Georges: ''A History of private Life'', Harvard College 1991, p. 504.

Nuclear family

2009-12-14T20:54:22Z

Retnüg: /* Nuclear Family in the 18th Century */

Nuclear family

2009-12-14T20:53:55Z

Retnüg: /* Sociological Definition */

Nuclear family

2009-12-14T16:20:29Z

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== Sociological Definition ==

For a group to be called a nuclear family there must at some time be a father, mother and at least one child. This type of family structure is found in almost all societies, although the length of time in which the family remains in this form varies even within the same society.

The nuclear family can be a nurturing environment in which to raise children as long as there is love, time spent with children, emotional support, low stress, and a stable economic environment. In nuclear families, both adults are the biological or adoptive parents of their children.

== Nuclear Family in the 18th Century ==

Work in Progress...Page will be continued soon. Sorry for leaving this unfinished.

Nuclear family

2009-12-14T16:18:04Z

Retnüg: Created page with '== Sociological Definition == For a group to be called a nuclear family there must at some time be a father, mother and at least one child. This type of family structure is foun…'

Battle of the Boyne

2009-11-09T15:08:10Z

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== Battle of the Boyne ==

The Battle of the Boyne took place on 1 July 1690 near the river Boyne, four miles west of Drogheda (Ireland). The battel was the result of a conflict between King William III of England (also William III of Orange) and the former English King James II. The troops of both sides were comanded personally by the respevtive king. William III commanded nearly 36,000 men whereas James II had only 25,000 soldiers. William's soldiers came from several different countries as well as James's troops did. The nationalities are in so far of importance as they clearly reveal from which both war parties received support. English, Scottish, Dutch, Danish, Irish and French Protestants (also called Hugenots) formed Wiliams army while on the other hand James's (Jacobites) army was made up mostly of Irish Catholics and regular French troops provided by King Louis XIV.

At the end of the day James's troops got defeated by the Williamites. The "Jacobites" had to surrender but made it to organize a controlled withdrawal, allowing them to continue the war against William's men for another year.

== Contemporary Historical Events ==
In 1688, during the so called blodless [["Glorious Revoultion"]] James II had lost the throne of England. He had to surrender the throne to [[William Prince of Orange]], who was married to James's doughter and who succeeded to James's throne. William became King of England because the parliament wanted him to be the new English King.

James escaped to France where he sought refuge with his old ally, Louis XIV, who saw an opportunity to strike at William through Ireland. He provided French officers and arms for James, who landed at Kinsale in March 1689.
The eager support of James II could be defined in terms of the British throne, French dominace in continental Europe and moreover religious power in Ireland.

== Sources ==
http://battleoftheboyne.ie/thebattleoftheboyne/

http://irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/dates/ch5.shtm

Battle of the Boyne

2009-11-09T15:06:35Z

Retnüg:

== Battle of the Boyne ==

The Battle of the Boyne took place on 1 July 1690 near the river Boyne, four miles west of Drogheda (Ireland). The battel was the result of a conflict between King William III of England (also William III of Orange) and the former English King James II. The troops of both sides were comanded personally by the respevtive king. William III commanded nearly 36,000 men whereas James II had only 25,000 soldiers. William's soldiers came from several different countries as well as James's troops did. The nationalities are in so far of importance as they clearly reveal from which both war parties received support. English, Scottish, Dutch, Danish, Irish and French Protestants (also called Hugenots) formed Wiliams army while on the other hand James's (Jacobites) army was made up mostly of Irish Catholics and regular French troops provided by King Louis XIV.

At the end of the day James's troops got defeated by the Williamites. The "Jacobites" had to surrender but made it to organize a controlled withdrawal, allowing them to continue the war against William's men for another year.

== Historical Background ==
In 1688, during the so called blodless [["Glorious Revoultion"]] James II had lost the throne of England. He had to surrender the throne to [[William Prince of Orange]], who was married to James's doughter and who succeeded to James's throne. William became King of England because the parliament wanted him to be the new English King.

James escaped to France where he sought refuge with his old ally, Louis XIV, who saw an opportunity to strike at William through Ireland. He provided French officers and arms for James, who landed at Kinsale in March 1689.
The eager support of James II could be defined in terms of the British throne, French dominace in continental Europe and moreover religious power in Ireland.

== Sources ==
http://battleoftheboyne.ie/thebattleoftheboyne/

http://irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/dates/ch5.shtm

File:Ireland northeast campaign 1690.jpg

2009-11-09T15:03:47Z

Retnüg:

Battle of the Boyne

2009-11-09T14:56:01Z

Retnüg: Created page with '== Battle of the Boyne == The Battle of the Boyne took place on 1 July 1690 near the river Boyne, four miles west of Drogheda (Ireland). The battel was the result of a conflict …'

== Battle of the Boyne ==

The Battle of the Boyne took place on 1 July 1690 near the river Boyne, four miles west of Drogheda (Ireland). The battel was the result of a conflict between King William III of England (also William III of Orange) and the former English King James II. The troops of both sides were comanded personally by the respevtive king. William III commanded nearly 36,000 men whereas James II had only 25,000 soldiers. William's soldiers came from several different countries as well as James's troops did. The nationalities are in so far of importance as they clearly reveal from which both war parties received support. English, Scottish, Dutch, Danish, Irish and French Protestants (also called Hugenots) formed Wiliams army while on the other hand James's (Jacobites) army was made up mostly of Irish Catholics and regular French troops provided by King Louis XIV.

At the end of the day James's troops got defeated by the Williamites. The "Jacobites" had to surrender but made it to organize a controlled withdrawal, allowing them to continue the war against William's men for another year.

== Historical Background ==
In 1688, during the so called blodless [["Glorious Revoultion"]] James II had lost the throne of England. He had to surrender the throne to [[William Prince of Orange]], who was married to James's doughter and who succeeded to James's throne. William became King of England because the parliament wanted him to be the new English King.

James escaped to France where he sought refuge with his old ally, Louis XIV, who saw an opportunity to strike at William through Ireland. He provided French officers and arms for James, who landed at Kinsale in March 1689.
The eager support of James II could be defined in terms of the British throne, French dominace in continental Europe an moreover religious power in Ireland.

== Sources ==
http://battleoftheboyne.ie/thebattleoftheboyne/

http://irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/dates/ch5.shtm