British Culture - User contributions [en]

Emma

2011-01-18T10:53:08Z

Sarahb87: Created page with ' == Plot Summary == Emma was published in December 1815. In this book we meet Emma Woodhouse. She thinks of herself as the most important woman of a town called Highbury. She e…'

== Plot Summary ==

Emma was published in December 1815.

In this book we meet Emma Woodhouse. She thinks of herself as the most important woman of a town called Highbury. She enjoys to get involved in her aquaintances lives, a talent not really appreciated by those she meddles with. But the only person expressing his discomfort is Mr. Knightley. He's sixteen years older than Emma and his brother is married to her older sister.
After 'losing' her dear governess to marriage, Emma is in search of a new friend to pass the time with. Her choice falls on a young girl named Harriet Smith. Emma, knowing that a local farmer is in love with Harriet, does not approve of this relationship. Instead she thinks she found Harriet's perfect match: young vicar Mr. Elton. But Mr. Elton misinterprets Emma's attempts, so that he proposes to her, instead of Harriet.
However, Emma has made it clear from the beginning, that she has no intention to get married, even though she has a secret crush on her governess' son, Frank Churchill. Other than Mr. Churchill, two more characters arrive in town: Jane Fairfax, a poor girl coming to live with her grandmother and aunt (Mrs and Miss Bates). And Mrs Elton, the women the vicar courted in Bath, after Emma's refusal. Mrs Elton, just like Emma, tries to be the center of attention.
After spending some time with Frank Churchill, Emma realizes, that her feelings towards him have subsided into mere friendship. What she doesn't know, is that he is already secretly engaged to young Jane Fairfax. Meanwhile, Harriet tranferred her affections on to Mr. Knightly, while Frank Churchill's interest in Emma causes Jane to consider becoming a governess. But this plan dissolves after the young couple is reconciled. Along the way, Emma realizes her true feelings for Mr. Knightly, who feels the same way about her, too and offers her to marry him.
Emma's new happiness is only darkened by the fact, that her beloved Harriet is still alone. But this problem is solved, when the young farmer Robert Martin reveals the fact, that he is still in love with Harriet. Harriet accepts his courtship, so that in the end we have three new couples. And Emma, who finally realized, that it might not always be wise to meddle with other peoples lives.

== Sources ==

*Austen, Jane: Emma. London: Penguin Books ltd, 2007.
*http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/

Jane Austen

2011-01-18T09:56:57Z

Sarahb87:

1775-1817. English novelist, best known for her works ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', ''[[Emma]]'' and ''[[Mansfield Park]]'', who became one of the most famous English writers of all times.

Jane Austen was born December 16th, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire. She was born into a big family with five older brothers, one older sister and one younger brother. Her father was the rector of Steventon. Jane Austen was fascinated by books very early as her father had a big library and her family read a lot, and started writing when she was about 15. During the 1790s, she wrote her first versions of ''Sense and Sensibility'' (at that time called ''Elinor and Marianne''), ''Pride and Prejudice'' (then called ''First Impressions'') and ''Northanger Abbey'' (then called ''Susan''). But only in the years between 1809 and 1816 she started revising them and published her first novel, ''Sense and Sensibility'', in 1811. During that time she started composing other novels, like ''Mansfield Park'', ''Emma'' and ''Persuasion'', and managed to publish some of them (''Pride and Prejudice'' 1813, ''Mansfield Park'' 1814, ''Emma'' 1816). In 1816 Jane Austen got ill and died on July 18th, 1817. Her novels ''Northanger Abbey'' and ''Persuasion'' were published posthumously. Jane Austen stayed, like her sister Cassandra, unmarried.

== Sources ==
* http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
* http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html

Mansfield Park

2011-01-18T09:56:23Z

Sarahb87: /* Plot Summary */

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Plot Summary ==

[[Jane Austen]] wrote Mansfield Park between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle. Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary shows her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty. After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny. In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== Sources ==
*Austen, Jane: Mansfield Park. London. Penguin Books ltd., 2007.
*Deirdre Le Faye: ''Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels.''London: frances lincoln ltd, 2003.
*http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
*http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html

Mansfield Park

2011-01-18T09:55:58Z

Sarahb87: /* Content */

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Plot Summary ==

Jane Austen wrote Mansfield Park between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle. Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary shows her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty. After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny. In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== Sources ==
*Austen, Jane: Mansfield Park. London. Penguin Books ltd., 2007.
*Deirdre Le Faye: ''Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels.''London: frances lincoln ltd, 2003.
*http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
*http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html

Mansfield Park

2011-01-18T09:52:43Z

Sarahb87: /* Sources */

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote Mansfield Park between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle. Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary shows her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty. After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny. In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== Sources ==
*Austen, Jane: Mansfield Park. London. Penguin Books ltd., 2007.
*Deirdre Le Faye: ''Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels.''London: frances lincoln ltd, 2003.
*http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
*http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html

Mansfield Park

2011-01-18T09:52:11Z

Sarahb87:

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote Mansfield Park between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle. Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary shows her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty. After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny. In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== Sources ==
*AUsten, Jane: Mansfield Park. London. Penguin Books ltd., 2007.
*http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
*http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html
*Deirdre Le Faye: ''Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels.''London: frances lincoln ltd, 2003.

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:51:59Z

Sarahb87: /* Sources */

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote Mansfield Park between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle. Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary shows her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty. After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny. In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== Sources ==

*http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
*http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html
*Deirdre Le Faye: ''Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels.''London: frances lincoln ltd, 2003.

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:49:38Z

Sarahb87:

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote Mansfield Park between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle. Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary shows her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty. After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny. In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== Sources ==

http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html
Deirdre Le Faye: ''Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels.''London: frances lincoln ltd, 2003.

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:44:50Z

Sarahb87:

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote ''Mansfield Park'' between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814.
Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle.Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary show her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty.
After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny.
In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:40:02Z

Sarahb87:

"I have something in hand - which I hope on the credit of P. & P. will sell well, tho' not half so entertaining." (Jane Austen 1813 on Mansfield Park)

----

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote ''Mansfield Park'' between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814.
Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story. She is raised, together with her four cousins, by Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram who are her aunt and uncle.Out of her four cousins only Edmund shows real kindness towards her. It is him, she secretly falls in love with. Just turned eighteen, Fanny is introduced to a new family from London: The siblings Henry and Mary Crawford. While Henry plays with the affections of Maria and Julia Bertram, his sister Mary show her interest in Edmund Bertram. This bothers Fanny who has to watch her secret love, falling for Mary's charms and beauty.
After Maria Bertram fails to gain Henry Crawfords affection, she marrys Mr. Rushworth and leaves for her honeymoon - accompanied by her sister Julia. During their absence Henry returns from a trip to Bath and notices Fanny for the first time. He tries, and fails, to make Fanny fall in love with him. But she hates him for what he did to her cousins. After he actually falls in love with her, he proposes but Fanny stays adamant and refuses his proposal. Her uncle - not understanding her decision - tries to get some sense into her and sends her off to her parents in Portsmouth. Henry, defeated by Fanny's refusal to become his wife, has an affair with Fanny's cousin Maria. Meanwhile, Edmund is disappointed by Mary's reaction to her brothers behavior and loses interest in her. He then transfers his feelings over to Fanny.
In the end, Fanny accepts Edmunds proposal to marry and they settle at the Parsonage.

== About the novel ==

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:27:55Z

Sarahb87:

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:16:38Z

Sarahb87:

Mansfield Park

2011-01-17T23:08:51Z

Sarahb87: Created page with '== Content == Jane Austen wrote ''Mansfield Park'' between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814. Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main charac…'

== Content ==

Jane Austen wrote ''Mansfield Park'' between 1812 and 1814 and Thomas Egerton published it in 1814.
Fanny Price, a young girl from a poor family is the main character of the story.

Jane Austen

2011-01-17T23:01:40Z

Sarahb87:

1775-1817. English novelist, best known for her works ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', ''Emma'' and ''[[Mansfield Park]]'', who became one of the most famous English writers of all times.

Jane Austen was born December 16th, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire. She was born into a big family with five older brothers, one older sister and one younger brother. Her father was the rector of Steventon. Jane Austen was fascinated by books very early as her father had a big library and her family read a lot, and started writing when she was about 15. During the 1790s, she wrote her first versions of ''Sense and Sensibility'' (at that time called ''Elinor and Marianne''), ''Pride and Prejudice'' (then called ''First Impressions'') and ''Northanger Abbey'' (then called ''Susan''). But only in the years between 1809 and 1816 she started revising them and published her first novel, ''Sense and Sensibility'', in 1811. During that time she started composing other novels, like ''Mansfield Park'', ''Emma'' and ''Persuasion'', and managed to publish some of them (''Pride and Prejudice'' 1813, ''Mansfield Park'' 1814, ''Emma'' 1816). In 1816 Jane Austen got ill and died on July 18th, 1817. Her novels ''Northanger Abbey'' and ''Persuasion'' were published posthumously. Jane Austen stayed, like her sister Cassandra, unmarried.

== Sources ==
* http://www.janeaustensociety.org.uk/
* http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janeinfo.html

Education

2010-12-01T18:18:20Z

Sarahb87: /* Sources */

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The Education Act of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th century. After the formation of a Committee of the Privy Council on Education in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the Reformation girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills. But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reaction to that, the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
From 1892 on the Scottish Universities granted women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for. [please explain! this is a bit too cryptic]

== Sources ==
Phoebe, Sheavyn: ''Higher Education for Women in Great Britain''. Charleston. BiblioBazaar 2009.

Martin, Howard: ''Challenging History- Britain in the 19th century''. Cheltenham. Nelson Thornes, 1996.

Education

2010-11-30T23:59:14Z

Sarahb87: /* The introduction of an elementary education */

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the ''Renaissance'' and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the ''Reformation'' girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reaction to that, the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
In 1892 the Scottish Universities were from then on able to grant women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for.

== Sources ==
Phoebe, Sheavyn: Higher Education for Women in Great Britain.BiblioBazaar 2009.

Martin, Howard: Challenging History- Britain in the 19th century.Nelson Thornes, 1996.

Education

2010-11-30T23:58:51Z

Sarahb87: /* Sources */

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the ''Reformation'' girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reaction to that, the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
In 1892 the Scottish Universities were from then on able to grant women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for.

== Sources ==
Phoebe, Sheavyn: Higher Education for Women in Great Britain.BiblioBazaar 2009.

Martin, Howard: Challenging History- Britain in the 19th century.Nelson Thornes, 1996.

Education

2010-11-30T23:58:22Z

Sarahb87:

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the ''Reformation'' girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reaction to that, the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
In 1892 the Scottish Universities were from then on able to grant women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for.

== Sources ==
Phoebe, Sheavyn: Higher Education for Women in Great Britain.BiblioBazaar 2009.
Martin, Howard: Challenging History- Britain in the 19th century.Nelson Thornes, 1996.

Education

2010-11-30T23:52:36Z

Sarahb87: /* Higher education of women */

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the ''Reformation'' girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reaction to that, the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
In 1892 the Scottish Universities were from then on able to grant women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for.

Education

2010-11-30T23:52:00Z

Sarahb87: /* Higher education of women */

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the ''Reformation'' girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reac-tion to that the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
In 1892 the Scottish Universities were from then on able to grant women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for.

Education

2010-11-30T23:47:35Z

Sarahb87: /* Higher education of women */

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the Reformation girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reac-tion to that the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.
In 1892 the Scottish Universities were from then on able to grant women the right to graduate. The biggest breakthrough happened in 1893 due to the ‘Royal Charta’. Women now had all privileges men were eligible for.

Education

2010-11-30T23:41:19Z

Sarahb87: /* Higher education of women */

== The introduction of an elementary education ==

Up until the 19th century education was administered by the British churches. But the function of education enlarged. Following the Renaissance and the Reformation it was not confined to instructing only clerics anymore.
The ‘Education Act’ of 1870 was only one step towards an elementary education, something the British people had demanded since the late 18th Century. After the formation of a ‘Committee of the Privy Council on education’ in 1839 this act ensured public education. Ten years later regular attendance was made obligatory.
From now on children up until the age of ten were allowed to go to school. The discharge age was raised to the age of 14 almost 50 years later.

== Higher education of women ==
Before the Reformation girls were educated exclusively by the church. Public schooling for girls did not exist until 1840/ 1850. At first the content of the education was very limited to basic skills.But the need for a more advanced and extensive education became more apparent. In reac-tion to that the amount of teaching was raised and a system of lectures for older girls was created.
In 1878 a huge step towards a higher education for women was taken when the University of London allowed women to attend lectures and earn degrees previously only available to men.

Education

2010-11-30T23:36:35Z

Sarahb87: /* Higher education of women */

Education

2010-11-30T23:32:33Z

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