Alienation - Revision history

Alienated at 18:34, 16 January 2012

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	As a conclusion it can be said that according to Marx's theory of alienation, workers in a capitalist, industrial class society are dehumanised and exploited and reduced to means of production without a right to individuality.		As a conclusion it can be said that according to [[Karl Marx\|Marx's]] theory of alienation, workers in a capitalist, industrial class society are dehumanised and exploited and reduced to means of production without a right to individuality.

	In terms of the concept itself, the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' states that researchers tested the concept of alienation in urban areas and on assembly workers and got ambiguous results. Therefore, it should be used with caution but can still be helpful as a philosophical term.		In terms of the concept itself, the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' states that researchers tested the concept of alienation in urban areas and on assembly workers and got ambiguous results. Therefore, it should be used with caution but can still be helpful as a philosophical term.

Alienated at 18:33, 16 January 2012

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	== Alienation from Human Nature ==		== Alienation from Human Nature ==

	According to Marx, the distinct human ability is the ability to shape the world according to one's needs and desires. But in capitalist societies, labour is coerced and not done independently, thus it is not labour according to free human nature. And it is those who force labour that profit from it whereas the deprived ones are only exploited without benefits. Thus, the workers' human nature is neglected and they are alienated from it. As a conclusion a single worker cannot foresee the consequences of his/her labour or the side effects it might have on nature or on others.		According to [[Karl Marx\|Marx]], the distinct human ability is the ability to shape the world according to one's needs and desires. But in capitalist societies, labour is coerced and not done independently, thus it is not labour according to free human nature. And it is those who force labour that profit from it whereas the deprived ones are only exploited without benefits. Thus, the workers' human nature is neglected and they are alienated from it. As a conclusion a single worker cannot foresee the consequences of his/her labour or the side effects it might have on nature or on others.

	Another factor is that, normally, demand controls production. In capitalist societies, there is an overproduction of goods which leads to a lack of enjoying the success of producing goods that others need. Instead, workers feel that their creativity and labour power is exhausted and redundant by the fact that they produce more than society can consume.		Another factor is that, normally, demand controls production. In capitalist societies, there is an overproduction of goods which leads to a lack of enjoying the success of producing goods that others need. Instead, workers feel that their creativity and labour power is exhausted and redundant by the fact that they produce more than society can consume.

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	== Alienation from the Labour Process ==		== Alienation from the Labour Process ==

	The labour process is defined by the lack of control workers have over the work process. The workers' power is even turned into its opposite. Their creativity and power are turned into exhaustion and impotence. By dividing the labour into parts ([[Adam Smith'~~slAdam Smith~~]] "division of labour"), the individual worker has less responsibility and decreases in value. Workers feel alienated from the labour process because it is fragmented into so many parts that they lose the overview of the overall production. The task itself becomes unchallenging and meaningless through the fragmentation. Thereby, a worker has no chance to identify with the end product.		The labour process is defined by the lack of control workers have over the work process. The workers' power is even turned into its opposite. Their creativity and power are turned into exhaustion and impotence. By dividing the labour into parts ([[Adam Smith\|Adam Smith's]] "division of labour"), the individual worker has less responsibility and decreases in value. Workers feel alienated from the labour process because it is fragmented into so many parts that they lose the overview of the overall production. The task itself becomes unchallenging and meaningless through the fragmentation. Thereby, a worker has no chance to identify with the end product.

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	== Alienation from the Labour Process ==		== Alienation from the Labour Process ==

	The labour process is defined by the lack of control workers have over the work process. The workers' power is even turned into its opposite. Their creativity and power are turned into exhaustion and impotence. By dividing the labour into parts ([[Adam Smith]]'s "division of labour"), the individual worker has less responsibility and decreases in value. Workers feel alienated from the labour process because it is fragmented into so many parts that they lose the overview of the overall production. The task itself becomes unchallenging and meaningless through the fragmentation. Thereby, a worker has no chance to identify with the end product.		The labour process is defined by the lack of control workers have over the work process. The workers' power is even turned into its opposite. Their creativity and power are turned into exhaustion and impotence. By dividing the labour into parts ([[Adam Smith'slAdam Smith]] "division of labour"), the individual worker has less responsibility and decreases in value. Workers feel alienated from the labour process because it is fragmented into so many parts that they lose the overview of the overall production. The task itself becomes unchallenging and meaningless through the fragmentation. Thereby, a worker has no chance to identify with the end product.

Alienated at 18:30, 16 January 2012

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	The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' defines ''alienation'' as "the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self." The term has been in use since Plato, but [[Karl Marx]] was the one to use it explicitly and defined <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> in detail in ''The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts'' in 1844. He names four aspects of ~~<nowiki>~~alienation~~</nowiki>~~ that become visible in a capitalist society:		The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' defines ''alienation'' as "the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self." The term has been in use since Plato, but [[Karl Marx]] was the one to use it explicitly and defined <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> in detail in ''The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts'' in 1844. He names four aspects of alienation that become visible in a capitalist society:

Alienated at 16:06, 16 January 2012

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	The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' defines ''alienation'' as "the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self." The term has been in use since Plato, but Karl Marx was the one to use it explicitly and defined <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> in detail in ''The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts'' in 1844. He names four aspects of <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> that become visible in a capitalist society:		The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' defines ''alienation'' as "the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self." The term has been in use since Plato, but [[Karl Marx]] was the one to use it explicitly and defined <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> in detail in ''The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts'' in 1844. He names four aspects of <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> that become visible in a capitalist society:

Pankratz at 17:18, 16 December 2011

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Alienated at 07:52, 9 December 2011

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	'''Sources''':		'''Sources''':

	* Cox, Judy. ''An Introduction ~~the~~ Marx's Theory of Alienation''. International Socialism. Quarterly Journal of the Socialist Workers Party (Britain). Issue 79, 1998. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj79/cox.htm Web. 06. Dec. 2011.		* Cox, Judy. ''An Introduction to Marx's Theory of Alienation''. International Socialism. Quarterly Journal of the Socialist Workers Party (Britain). Issue 79, 1998. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj79/cox.htm Web. 06. Dec. 2011.

	* Nielsen, Wayne. ''Notes on Marx's Theory of Alienation''. Mosaic 2,1 (1968). pp. 123-129.		* Nielsen, Wayne. ''Notes on Marx's Theory of Alienation''. Mosaic 2,1 (1968). pp. 123-129.

Alienated at 19:20, 6 December 2011

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	The distinct human ability is the ability to shape the world according to one's needs and desires; this is the human nature. But in capitalist societies, labour is coerced and not done independently, thus it is not labour according to free human nature. And it is those who force labour that profit from it whereas the deprived ones are only exploited without benefits. Thus, the worker's human nature is neglected and he is alienated from it. As a conclusion a single worker cannot foresee the consequences of his labour or the side effects it might have on nature or on others.		The distinct human ability is the ability to shape the world according to one's needs and desires; this is the human nature. But in capitalist societies, labour is coerced and not done independently, thus it is not labour according to free human nature. And it is those who force labour that profit from it whereas the deprived ones are only exploited without benefits. Thus, the worker's human nature is neglected and he is alienated from it. As a conclusion a single worker cannot foresee the consequences of his labour or the side effects it might have on nature or on others.
	Another factor is that, normally, demand controls production. In capitalist societies, there is an overproduction of goods which leads to a lack of enjoying the success of producing goods that others need. Instead, workers feel that their creativity and labour power is exhausted and redundant by the fact that they produce more than society can consume.		Another factor is that, normally, demand controls production. In capitalist societies, there is an overproduction of goods which leads to a lack of enjoying the success of producing goods that others need. Instead, workers feel that their creativity and labour power is exhausted and redundant by the fact that they produce more than society can consume.


			== Conclusion ==


	As a conclusion it can be said that according to Marx's theory of alienation, workers in a capitalist, industrial class society are dehumanised and exploited and reduced to means of production without a right to individuality.		As a conclusion it can be said that according to Marx's theory of alienation, workers in a capitalist, industrial class society are dehumanised and exploited and reduced to means of production without a right to individuality.

Alienated at 19:20, 6 December 2011

2011-12-06T19:20:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:20, 6 December 2011
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	As a conclusion it can be said that according to Marx's theory of alienation, workers in a capitalist, industrial class society are dehumanised and exploited and reduced to means of production without a right to individuality.		As a conclusion it can be said that according to Marx's theory of alienation, workers in a capitalist, industrial class society are dehumanised and exploited and reduced to means of production without a right to individuality.

	In terms of the concept itself, the ~~encyclopedia britannica~~ states that researchers tested the concept of alienation in urban areas and on assembly workers and got ambiguous results. Therefore, it should be used with caution but can still be helpful as a philosophical term.		In terms of the concept itself, the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' states that researchers tested the concept of alienation in urban areas and on assembly workers and got ambiguous results. Therefore, it should be used with caution but can still be helpful as a philosophical term.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 16 December 2011
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	The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' defines ''alienation'' as "the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self." The term has been in use since Plato, but Karl Marx was the one to use it explicitly and defined <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> in detail in "The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts" in 1844. He names four aspects of <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> that become visible in ~~the~~ capitalist society:		The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' defines ''alienation'' as "the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self." The term has been in use since Plato, but Karl Marx was the one to use it explicitly and defined <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> in detail in ''The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts'' in 1844. He names four aspects of <nowiki>alienation</nowiki> that become visible in a capitalist society:


	== Alienation from the Product of Labour ==		== Alienation from the Product of Labour ==

	The worker is alienated from the products, because he does not invent them or exchange or use them. They are in the possession of the capitalist he works for. Although he might have the desire to own the products or work with them creatively, he will never be allowed, because they are not his. Thus, ~~he does~~ not have any relationship to the goods ~~he is~~ working with. This is intensified by the fact that the harder ~~he works~~, the more will the power and value of the system above ~~him~~ increase. The more effective ~~he produces~~ the lesser will ~~his~~ personal value be. With ~~his~~ creativity and labour power ~~he increases~~ the value of the product and the ~~lesser he~~ will be paid. Instead of fulfillment ~~he becomes~~ exhausted and is paid with money which can never have the same value as the effort ~~he puts~~ into ~~his~~ labour.		The worker is alienated from the products, because he/she does not invent them or exchange or use them. They are in the possession of the capitalist he/she works for. Although he/she might have the desire to own the products or work with them creatively, he/she will never be allowed, because they are not his/her. Thus, workers do not have any relationship to the goods they are working with. This is intensified by the fact that the harder they work, the more will the power and value of the system above them increase. The more effective they produce the lesser will their personal value be. With their creativity and labour power they increase the value of the product and the less they will be paid. Instead of fulfillment they become exhausted and are paid with an amount of money which can never have the same value as the effort they put into their labour.


	== Alienation from the Labour Process ==		== Alienation from the Labour Process ==

	The labour process is defined by the lack of control the ~~worker has over his working~~ process. The ~~worker~~'s power is even turned into its opposite. ~~His~~ creativity and power are turned into exhaustion and impotence. By dividing the labour into parts (Adam Smith's "division of labour"), the individual worker has less responsibility and decreases in value. ~~He also feels~~ alienated from the labour process because it is fragmented into so many parts that ~~he loses~~ the overview of the overall production. The task itself becomes unchallenging and meaningless through the fragmentation. Thereby, ~~the~~ worker has no chance to identify with the end product.		The labour process is defined by the lack of control workers have over the work process. The workers' power is even turned into its opposite. Their creativity and power are turned into exhaustion and impotence. By dividing the labour into parts ([[Adam Smith]]'s "division of labour"), the individual worker has less responsibility and decreases in value. Workers feel alienated from the labour process because it is fragmented into so many parts that they lose the overview of the overall production. The task itself becomes unchallenging and meaningless through the fragmentation. Thereby, a worker has no chance to identify with the end product.


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	== Alienation from Human Nature ==		== Alienation from Human Nature ==

	~~The~~ distinct human ability is the ability to shape the world according to one's needs and desires~~; this is the human nature~~. But in capitalist societies, labour is coerced and not done independently, thus it is not labour according to free human nature. And it is those who force labour that profit from it whereas the deprived ones are only exploited without benefits. Thus, the ~~worker~~'s human nature is neglected and ~~he is~~ alienated from it. As a conclusion a single worker cannot foresee the consequences of his labour or the side effects it might have on nature or on others.		According to Marx, the distinct human ability is the ability to shape the world according to one's needs and desires. But in capitalist societies, labour is coerced and not done independently, thus it is not labour according to free human nature. And it is those who force labour that profit from it whereas the deprived ones are only exploited without benefits. Thus, the workers' human nature is neglected and they are alienated from it. As a conclusion a single worker cannot foresee the consequences of his/her labour or the side effects it might have on nature or on others.

	Another factor is that, normally, demand controls production. In capitalist societies, there is an overproduction of goods which leads to a lack of enjoying the success of producing goods that others need. Instead, workers feel that their creativity and labour power is exhausted and redundant by the fact that they produce more than society can consume.		Another factor is that, normally, demand controls production. In capitalist societies, there is an overproduction of goods which leads to a lack of enjoying the success of producing goods that others need. Instead, workers feel that their creativity and labour power is exhausted and redundant by the fact that they produce more than society can consume.

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	'''Sources''':		'''Sources''':

	* Cox, Judy. ''An Introduction to Marx's Theory of Alienation''. International Socialism. Quarterly Journal of the Socialist Workers Party (Britain). Issue 79, 1998. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj79/cox.htm Web. 06. Dec. 2011.		* Cox, Judy. "An Introduction to Marx's Theory of Alienation". ''International Socialism. Quarterly Journal of the Socialist Workers Party'' (Britain). Issue 79, 1998. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj79/cox.htm Web. 06. Dec. 2011.

	* Nielsen, Wayne. ''Notes on Marx's Theory of Alienation''. Mosaic 2,1 (1968)~~. pp~~. 123-129.		* Nielsen, Wayne. "Notes on Marx's Theory of Alienation". ''Mosaic'' 2,1 (1968). 123-129.

	* "~~alienation~~." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15408/alienation>.		* "Alienation." ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15408/alienation>.

	* "~~modernization~~." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization>.		* "Modernization." ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization>.