Catherine of Braganza - Revision history

WikiSysop at 14:43, 1 November 2018

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	'''References'''		'''References'''

	"Catherine of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013~~. Web. 21 Apr. 2013.~~ <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.		"Catherine of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013, <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza, accessed 21 April 2013.

	Hutton, Ronald. ''The Restoration. A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658-1667''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.		Hutton, Ronald. ''The Restoration. A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658-1667''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
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	Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. München: Piper, 2003.		Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. München: Piper, 2003.

	Wynne, S. M. "Catherine (1638–1705)". ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online ~~edn~~, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4894, accessed 21 April 2013].		Wynne, S. M. "Catherine (1638–1705)". ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, Jan 2008, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4894, accessed 21 April 2013.

Pankratz at 11:16, 21 May 2013

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	'''References'''		'''References'''

	"Catherine Of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.		"Catherine of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.

	Hutton, Ronald. ''The Restoration. A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658-1667''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.		Hutton, Ronald. ''The Restoration. A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658-1667''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

Pankratz at 11:16, 21 May 2013

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	Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.		Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.

	Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent~~;<ref>~~Panzer, ~~Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen,'' p. 128.</ref>~~ others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace~~.<ref>~~Wynne~~, S. M. ''Catherine (1638–1705~~)~~,'' ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''~~.~~</ref>~~ In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.		Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent (Panzer 128), others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace (Wynne). In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.


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	'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''		'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''

	In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. In 1687 Catherine breathed the wish to leave England but she was not permitted. According to Wynne her presence in England during the "Glorious" Revolution irritated William and Mary~~.<ref>~~Wynne~~, S. M. ''Catherine (1638–1705~~)~~,'' ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''~~.~~</ref>~~ In 1692, Catherine left England at the request of her brother King Pedro II. and returned to ~~Portugal4.<ref>~~Panzer~~, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen'', p. 133f.</ref>~~		In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. In 1687 Catherine breathed the wish to leave England but she was not permitted. According to Wynne her presence in England during the "Glorious" Revolution irritated William and Mary (Wynne). In 1692, Catherine left England at the request of her brother King Pedro II and returned to Portugal (Panzer 133-134).

	She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II., fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.



	~~== Notes ==~~
	~~<references />~~





			She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II, fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.

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Notes

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	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

	<references />		<references />

Beaglesitter at 10:19, 21 May 2013

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	Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.		Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.

	Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a ~~convent1~~; others argue that she was brought up in the royal ~~palace2~~. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.		Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent;<ref>Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen,'' p. 128.</ref> others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace.<ref>Wynne, S. M. ''Catherine (1638–1705),'' ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''.</ref> In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.


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	'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''		'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''

	In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. In 1687 Catherine breathed the wish to leave England but she was not permitted. According to Wynne her presence in England during the "Glorious" Revolution irritated William and ~~Mary3~~. In 1692, Catherine left England at the request of her brother King Pedro II. and returned to ~~Portugal~~.		In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. In 1687 Catherine breathed the wish to leave England but she was not permitted. According to Wynne her presence in England during the "Glorious" Revolution irritated William and Mary.<ref>Wynne, S. M. ''Catherine (1638–1705),'' ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''.</ref> In 1692, Catherine left England at the request of her brother King Pedro II. and returned to Portugal4.<ref>Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen'', p. 133f.</ref>

	She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II., fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.		She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II., fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.
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	~~'''~~Notes~~'''~~		== Notes ==

			<references />


	~~1. Panzer, Marita A. Englands Königinnen, p. 128.~~

	~~2. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.~~

	~~3. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.~~

Beaglesitter at 09:43, 21 May 2013

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	1. Panzer, Marita A. Englands Königinnen, p. 128.		1. Panzer, Marita A. Englands Königinnen, p. 128.

	2. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.		2. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

	3. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.		3. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Beaglesitter at 09:43, 21 May 2013

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	Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.		Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.

	Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a ~~convent~~; others argue that she was brought up in the royal ~~palace [sources needed]~~. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.		Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent1; others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace2. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.


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	'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''		'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''

	In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. ~~After~~ the "Glorious" Revolution, ~~in 1692~~ Catherine left England and returned to Portugal. ~~[does one know why she did this?]~~		In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. In 1687 Catherine breathed the wish to leave England but she was not permitted. According to Wynne her presence in England during the "Glorious" Revolution irritated William and Mary3. In 1692, Catherine left England at the request of her brother King Pedro II. and returned to Portugal.

	She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II, fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.		She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II., fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.



			'''Notes'''

			1. Panzer, Marita A. Englands Königinnen, p. 128.
			2. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
			3. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Pankratz at 14:06, 17 May 2013

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	When Catherine landed in Portsmouth on 13 May 1662, she spoke almost no English. Charles II and Catherine married on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth. Catherine insisted on a Catholic ceremony. Therefore, the couple married first in a secret Catholic ceremony, second in a public Protestant ceremony.		When Catherine landed in Portsmouth on 13 May 1662, she spoke almost no English. Charles II and Catherine married on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth. Catherine insisted on a Catholic ceremony. Therefore, the couple married first in a secret Catholic ceremony, second in a public Protestant ceremony.

	Charles II was known as "merry monarch" with quite a few mistresses. He did not stop this behaviour after his marriage and - after a few angry protests, Catherine adjusted to her husband’s affairs. After several miscarriages, discontent arose among the English people because Catherine could not bear an heir to the throne. Another problem was Catherine’s faith. In a mainly Protestant country, a Catholic queen was not appreciated by the people. In 1678, for instance, during the [[Popish Plot]], Titus Oates even tried to overthrow the queen by telling Parliament that she had plotted to kill the king, but he failed. Attempts during the Exclusion Crisis to encourage Charles II to get a divorce also failed, because the king refused to separate from Catherine.		Charles II was known as "merry monarch" with quite a few mistresses. He did not stop this behaviour after his marriage and - after a few angry protests, Catherine adjusted to her husband’s affairs. After several miscarriages, discontent arose among the English people because Catherine could not bear an heir to the throne. Another problem was Catherine’s faith. In a mainly Protestant country, a Catholic queen was not appreciated by the people. In 1678, for instance, during the [[Popish Plot]], Titus Oates even tried to overthrow the queen by telling Parliament that she had plotted to kill the king, but he failed. Attempts during the [[Exclusion Crisis]] to encourage Charles II to get a divorce also failed, because the king refused to separate from Catherine.

Pankratz at 14:06, 17 May 2013

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	~~'''~~		25 November 1638 (Vila Viçosa in Alentejo, Portugal) - 31 December 1705 (Lisbon, Portugal). Wife of [[Charles II]].
	~~== Catherine of Braganza ==~~
	~~'''~~

	Catherine of Braganza * 25~~.11.~~1638, Vila Viçosa in Alentejo, Portugal~~; †~~ 31~~.12.~~1705, Lisbon, Portugal. Wife of ~~King~~ Charles II~~. of England~~.


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	Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.		Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.

	Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent; others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion ~~–£300~~,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.		Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent; others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace [sources needed]. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion: £300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.


	'''Queen of England'''		'''Queen of England'''

	When Catherine landed in Portsmouth on 13 May 1662, she spoke almost no English. Charles II. and Catherine married on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth. Catherine insisted on a ~~catholic~~ ceremony. Therefore, the couple married first in a secret ~~catholic~~ ceremony, second in a public ~~protestant~~ ceremony.		When Catherine landed in Portsmouth on 13 May 1662, she spoke almost no English. Charles II and Catherine married on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth. Catherine insisted on a Catholic ceremony. Therefore, the couple married first in a secret Catholic ceremony, second in a public Protestant ceremony.

	Charles II. was known ~~for being strongly interested in his~~ mistresses. He did not stop this behaviour after his marriage. Catherine adjusted ~~with~~ her husband’s affairs. After several miscarriages, discontent arose among the English people because Catherine could not bear an heir to the throne~~. Charles’ had several illegitimate children, though~~. Another problem was Catherine’s faith. In a mainly ~~protestant~~ country, a ~~catholic~~ queen was not appreciated by the people. In 1678, for instance, Titus Oates even tried to overthrow the queen by telling ~~the parliament~~ that she had plotted to kill the king, but he failed. ~~In 1685,~~ Charles II~~. fell ill and died on 6 February~~.		Charles II was known as "merry monarch" with quite a few mistresses. He did not stop this behaviour after his marriage and - after a few angry protests, Catherine adjusted to her husband’s affairs. After several miscarriages, discontent arose among the English people because Catherine could not bear an heir to the throne. Another problem was Catherine’s faith. In a mainly Protestant country, a Catholic queen was not appreciated by the people. In 1678, for instance, during the [[Popish Plot]], Titus Oates even tried to overthrow the queen by telling Parliament that she had plotted to kill the king, but he failed. Attempts during the Exclusion Crisis to encourage Charles II to get a divorce also failed, because the king refused to separate from Catherine.


	'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''		'''Life after Charles’ Death and Return to Portugal'''

	After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her ~~catholic~~ religion as the new king, ~~King~~ James II., was ~~catholic~~ himself. In 1692 ~~she~~ left England and returned to Portugal.		In 1685, Charles II fell ill and died on 6 February. After her husband’s death, Catherine lived in Somerset House as well as in her summer residence Hammersmith. She experienced less difficulties regarding her Catholic religion as the new king, [[James II]], was Catholic himself. After the "Glorious" Revolution, in 1692 Catherine left England and returned to Portugal. [does one know why she did this?]

	She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II., fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.		She moved to a palace in Bemposta near Lisbon. In 1704 her brother, King Pedro II, fell ill and she had to assume the reins of government. Catherine managed to defend Portugal against Spain and she ruled the country as a regent until her death on 31 December 1705.


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	"Catherine Of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.		"Catherine Of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.

	~~HUTTON~~,~~RONALD~~. ''The Restoration. A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658-1667''. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1985.		Hutton, Ronald. ''The Restoration. A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658-1667''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

	~~PANZER~~, ~~MARITA~~ A. ''Englands Königinnen''. München: Piper ~~Verlag GmbH~~ 2003.		Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. München: Piper, 2003.

	~~WYNNE~~, S. M. ~~‘Catherine~~ (1638–1705)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4894, accessed 21 April 2013].		Wynne, S. M. "Catherine (1638–1705)". ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4894, accessed 21 April 2013].

Beaglesitter: /* Catherine of Braganza */

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Catherine of Braganza

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	Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.		Catherine of Braganza was the daughter of John of Braganza, later King John IV of Portugal, and Luiza Maria, daughter of Juan Manuel Domingo Perez de Guzman (eighth duke of Medina Sidonia). In 1644, King John tried to arrange a marriage between his daughter and Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales, but his idea was rejected.

	~~<ref>~~Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent~~</ref>~~; ~~<ref>~~others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace~~</ref>~~. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion –£300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.		Some scholars say that Catherine was raised in a convent; others argue that she was brought up in the royal palace. In 1660, her mother renewed the marriage proposal between Catherine and Charles and this time the Royal family agreed. The English were interested in her marriage portion –£300,000, the strategic trading posts Tangier and Bombay as well as free trade with the East Indies and Brazil. In return, the Portuguese sought English protection against Spain. The marriage treaty was signed on 23 June 1661.


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	~~'''References'''<references/>~~

	~~1. Panzer, Marita A. Englands Königinnen, p. 128.~~

	~~2. Wynne, S. M. ‘Catherine (1638–1705)’,~~ ''~~Oxford Dictionary of National Biography~~''.		'''References'''



	~~'''Bibliography~~'''

	"Catherine Of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.		"Catherine Of Braganza." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99703/Catherine-of-Braganza>.