Catholicism - Revision history

WikiSysop at 12:21, 14 November 2018

2018-11-14T12:21:24Z

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	The ''Merriam-Webster Catholic Dictionary'' defines Catholicism as ”the faith, doctrine, system and practice of the Catholic church”. The Catholic Church distinguishes itself from other Christian faiths (e.g. [[Protestantism]]) through its firm dogmas. It is supposed to have been founded by Christ himself when He made Saint Peter “the rock “ on which He built the church. The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church sees himself as the successor of Saint Peter.		The ''Merriam-Webster Catholic Dictionary'' defines Catholicism as ”the faith, doctrine, system and practice of the Catholic church”. The Catholic Church distinguishes itself from other Christian faiths (e.g. [[Protestantism]]) through its firm dogmas. It is supposed to have been founded by Christ himself when He made Saint Peter “the rock “ on which He built the church. The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church sees himself as the successor of Saint Peter.



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	*Other features of the Catholic church include the ritualistic nature of Mass (songs, incantations, incense, holy water, church music). The church house has an altar and a tabernacle (where the monstrance with a consecrated host is kept). Catholic churches do not forgo ornamentation (as Protestant churches often do). There are statues and images of God, Jesus, Mary and the saints. Often there are also saints' relics and other magical or mysterious objects of worship.		*Other features of the Catholic church include the ritualistic nature of Mass (songs, incantations, incense, holy water, church music). The church house has an altar and a tabernacle (where the monstrance with a consecrated host is kept). Catholic churches do not forgo ornamentation (as Protestant churches often do). There are statues and images of God, Jesus, Mary and the saints. Often there are also saints' relics and other magical or mysterious objects of worship.


	== Organisation ==		== Organisation ==
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	Next in the Catholic hierarchy are the archbishops and bishops as heads of an archdiocese or diocese. Then come the priests who see to the affairs of the parishes. Priests study theology, after which they take an oath of celibacy and are then ordained by a bishop.		Next in the Catholic hierarchy are the archbishops and bishops as heads of an archdiocese or diocese. Then come the priests who see to the affairs of the parishes. Priests study theology, after which they take an oath of celibacy and are then ordained by a bishop.


	== Catholicism in England ==		== Catholicism in England ==

WikiSysop: /* Sources */

2018-11-14T12:20:03Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, 14 November 2018
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	Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.		Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

	http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/contents/enacted		"Succession to the Crown Act 2013." ''legislation.gov.uk'', http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/contents/enacted.

Pankratz at 10:42, 22 November 2017

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	*[[Transubstantiation]] during the celebration of the mass the Eucharist is believed to change the host to the body of Christ and the communion wine into the blood of Christ.		*[[Transubstantiation]] during the celebration of the mass the Eucharist is believed to change the host to the body of Christ and the communion wine into the blood of Christ.

	*Immaculate conception: the belief that Mary the mother of Christ, was born without [[~~original sin~~]], that Mary did not have a sinful nature, and was in fact sinless.		*Immaculate conception: the belief that Mary the mother of Christ, was born without [[Original Sin]], that Mary did not have a sinful nature, and was in fact sinless.

	*Virgin birth: Mary, mother of Christ, is a virgin.		*Virgin birth: [[Mary, mother of Christ]], is a virgin.

	*Papal infallibility: due to the help by the Holy Spirit, the Pope cannot err when he teaches ''ex cathedra''. Although the claim of Papal infallibility can be seen throughout the history of the Catholic Church, it has only become a dogma after the First Vatican Council in 1870.		*Papal infallibility: due to the help by the Holy Spirit, the Pope cannot err when he teaches ''ex cathedra''. Although the claim of Papal infallibility can be seen throughout the history of the Catholic Church, it has only become a dogma after the First Vatican Council in 1870.

WikiSysop: /* Catholicism in England */

2017-10-26T10:14:21Z

Catholicism in England

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	== Catholicism in England ==		== Catholicism in England ==

	In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.		In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed [[Thomas Wolsey\|Cardinal Wolsey]] and brought in [[Thomas Cranmer]] and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of [[Martin Luther]]. The [[Reformation]] [[Parliament]] (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the [[Acts of Supremacy\|Act of Supremacy]] (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.

	[[Mary Tudor]] (“Bloody Mary”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much bloodshed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’s overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]] and his Protestant wife [[Mary II\|Mary]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This only changed in 2013 with the Succession to the Crown Act. Now persons married to a Catholic are no longer automatically excluded from the succession (section 2 of the Act).

			[[Mary Tudor]] (“Bloody Mary”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much bloodshed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’s overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]] and his Protestant wife [[Mary II\|Mary]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This only changed in 2013 with the Succession to the Crown Act. Now persons married to a Catholic are no longer automatically excluded from the succession (section 2 of the Act).

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Pankratz at 11:08, 10 November 2016

2016-11-10T11:08:36Z

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	[[Mary Tudor]] (“Bloody Mary”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much bloodshed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’s overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]] and his Protestant wife [[Mary II\|Mary]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This only changed in 2013 with the Succession to the Crown Act. Now persons married to a Catholic are no longer automatically excluded from the succession (section 2 of the Act).		[[Mary Tudor]] (“Bloody Mary”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much bloodshed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’s overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]] and his Protestant wife [[Mary II\|Mary]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This only changed in 2013 with the Succession to the Crown Act. Now persons married to a Catholic are no longer automatically excluded from the succession (section 2 of the Act).

	During the papal visit of Benedict XVI to the UK in 2010, the Pope acknowledged the astonishing cultural diversity within the United Kingdom and saw this as "a great opportunity to further intercultural and interreligious dialogue for the enrichment of the entire community" (Pope Benedict XVI's Farewell Address at Birmingham Airport). This visit was additionally a milestone in the dialogue of those two confessions as recognisable dialogue between the head of the Catholic church and the Archbishop of Canterbury had taken place (ibid.). The massive interest of the British public became visible with thousands of people standing along the roads Pope Benedict XVI passed and was covered by live coverages of nation wide footages of those events.

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	http://wsu.edu/Reform/england.htm		http://wsu.edu/Reform/england.htm

	~~http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)~~

	Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.		Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

	~~http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/the-pope/8005684/Pope-Visit-UK-2010-day-two-as-it-happened.html#~~

	~~http://www.thepapalvisit.org.uk/Replay-the-Visit/Speeches/Speeches-19-September/Pope-Benedict-XVI-s-Farewell-Address-at-Birmingham-Airport~~

	http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/contents/enacted		http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/contents/enacted

Pankratz at 11:07, 10 November 2016

2016-11-10T11:07:44Z

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	*[[Transubstantiation]] during the celebration of the mass the Eucharist is believed to change the host to the body of Christ and the communion wine into the blood of Christ.		*[[Transubstantiation]] during the celebration of the mass the Eucharist is believed to change the host to the body of Christ and the communion wine into the blood of Christ.

	*Immaculate conception: the belief that Mary the mother of Christ, was born without original sin, that Mary did not have a sinful nature, and was in fact sinless.		*Immaculate conception: the belief that Mary the mother of Christ, was born without [[original sin]], that Mary did not have a sinful nature, and was in fact sinless.

	*Virgin birth: Mary, mother of Christ, is a virgin.		*Virgin birth: Mary, mother of Christ, is a virgin.
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	*Special position of priests as (human) mediators between God and humans.		*Special position of priests as (human) mediators between God and humans.

	*Seven Sacraments		*Seven Sacraments: Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Marriage, Confession, Holy Orders, Extreme Unction.

	*[[Indulgence]]s, based on the medieval Catholic doctrine that sinners must not only repent of sins that they have committed, but that they must also confess these sins and pay some sort of retribution. Indulgence is a sort of retribution. ~~This was one bone of contention with the early Protestant church.~~		*[[Indulgence]]s, based on the medieval Catholic doctrine that sinners must not only repent of sins that they have committed, but that they must also confess these sins and pay some sort of retribution. Indulgence is a sort of retribution.

	*Other features of the Catholic church include the ~~highly~~ ritualistic nature of Mass (songs, incantations, incense, holy water, church music). The church house has an altar and a tabernacle (where the monstrance with a consecrated host is kept). Catholic churches do not forgo ornamentation (as Protestant churches do). There are statues and images of God, Jesus, Mary and the saints. Often there are also saints' relics and other magical or mysterious objects of worship.		*Other features of the Catholic church include the ritualistic nature of Mass (songs, incantations, incense, holy water, church music). The church house has an altar and a tabernacle (where the monstrance with a consecrated host is kept). Catholic churches do not forgo ornamentation (as Protestant churches often do). There are statues and images of God, Jesus, Mary and the saints. Often there are also saints' relics and other magical or mysterious objects of worship.


	== Organisation ==		== Organisation ==

	The Catholic Church has a strict hierarchical structure. At the pinnacle is the Pope, who is a mediator between God and man~~. The Pope is only relieved of his position by death. A new pope is elected in a conclave of Cardinals~~.		The Catholic Church has a strict hierarchical structure. At the pinnacle is the Pope, who is a mediator between God and man.

	Cardinals are appointed by the Pope and they are directly answerable to the Vatican. Apart from electing the Pope, "most cardinals have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or running a department of the Roman Curia" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)).		Cardinals are appointed by the Pope and they are directly answerable to the Vatican. Apart from electing the Pope, "most cardinals have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or running a department of the Roman Curia" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)).

	Next in the Catholic hierarchy are the archbishops and bishops as heads of an archdiocese or diocese. Then come the priests who see to the affairs of the parishes. Priests study theology, after which they take an oath of celibacy and are then ordained by a bishop.		Next in the Catholic hierarchy are the archbishops and bishops as heads of an archdiocese or diocese. Then come the priests who see to the affairs of the parishes. Priests study theology, after which they take an oath of celibacy and are then ordained by a bishop.

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	In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.		In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.

	[[Mary Tudor]] (~~“[[Bloody Mary]]”~~) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much ~~blood shed~~ but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, ~~James’~~ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This ~~has not~~ changed ~~until today~~.		[[Mary Tudor]] (“Bloody Mary”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much bloodshed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’s overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]] and his Protestant wife [[Mary II\|Mary]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This only changed in 2013 with the Succession to the Crown Act. Now persons married to a Catholic are no longer automatically excluded from the succession (section 2 of the Act).
	~~However, during~~ the papal visit of Benedict XVI to the UK in 2010, the Pope acknowledged the astonishing cultural diversity within the United Kingdom and saw this as "a great opportunity to further intercultural and interreligious dialogue for the enrichment of the entire community" (Pope Benedict XVI's Farewell Address at Birmingham Airport). This visit was additionally a milestone in the dialogue of those two confessions as recognisable dialogue between the head of the Catholic church and the Archbishop of Canterbury had taken place (ibid.). The massive interest of British public became visible with thousands of people standing along the roads Pope Benedict XVI passed and was covered by live coverages of nation wide footages of those events.
			During the papal visit of Benedict XVI to the UK in 2010, the Pope acknowledged the astonishing cultural diversity within the United Kingdom and saw this as "a great opportunity to further intercultural and interreligious dialogue for the enrichment of the entire community" (Pope Benedict XVI's Farewell Address at Birmingham Airport). This visit was additionally a milestone in the dialogue of those two confessions as recognisable dialogue between the head of the Catholic church and the Archbishop of Canterbury had taken place (ibid.). The massive interest of the British public became visible with thousands of people standing along the roads Pope Benedict XVI passed and was covered by live coverages of nation wide footages of those events.

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
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	http://www.thepapalvisit.org.uk/Replay-the-Visit/Speeches/Speeches-19-September/Pope-Benedict-XVI-s-Farewell-Address-at-Birmingham-Airport		http://www.thepapalvisit.org.uk/Replay-the-Visit/Speeches/Speeches-19-September/Pope-Benedict-XVI-s-Farewell-Address-at-Birmingham-Airport

			http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/contents/enacted

Temmidy6: /* Sources */

2016-01-19T17:30:17Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:30, 19 January 2016
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	Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.		Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

			http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/the-pope/8005684/Pope-Visit-UK-2010-day-two-as-it-happened.html#

			http://www.thepapalvisit.org.uk/Replay-the-Visit/Speeches/Speeches-19-September/Pope-Benedict-XVI-s-Farewell-Address-at-Birmingham-Airport

Temmidy6: /* Catholicism in England */

2016-01-19T17:29:27Z

Catholicism in England

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:29, 19 January 2016
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	In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.		In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.

	[[Mary Tudor]] (“[[Bloody Mary]]”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much blood shed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This has not changed until today.		[[Mary Tudor]] (“[[Bloody Mary]]”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much blood shed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This has not changed until today.
			However, during the papal visit of Benedict XVI to the UK in 2010, the Pope acknowledged the astonishing cultural diversity within the United Kingdom and saw this as "a great opportunity to further intercultural and interreligious dialogue for the enrichment of the entire community" (Pope Benedict XVI's Farewell Address at Birmingham Airport). This visit was additionally a milestone in the dialogue of those two confessions as recognisable dialogue between the head of the Catholic church and the Archbishop of Canterbury had taken place (ibid.). The massive interest of British public became visible with thousands of people standing along the roads Pope Benedict XVI passed and was covered by live coverages of nation wide footages of those events.

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Pankratz at 11:10, 25 October 2012

2012-10-25T11:10:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 25 October 2012
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	*Belief in the Holy Trinity (God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit). These are three persons in one God. This is commonly known as “the mystery of the Trinity”.		*Belief in the Holy Trinity (God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit). These are three persons in one God. This is commonly known as “the mystery of the Trinity”.

	*[[~~Transsubstantiation~~]] during the celebration of the mass the Eucharist is believed to change the host to the body of Christ and the communion wine into the blood of Christ.		*[[Transubstantiation]] during the celebration of the mass the Eucharist is believed to change the host to the body of Christ and the communion wine into the blood of Christ.

	*Immaculate conception: the belief that Mary the mother of Christ, was born without original sin, that Mary did not have a sinful nature, and was in fact sinless.		*Immaculate conception: the belief that Mary the mother of Christ, was born without original sin, that Mary did not have a sinful nature, and was in fact sinless.
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	== Catholicism in England ==		== Catholicism in England ==

	In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all ~~contribution~~ and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church” ~~(see also: course documents/Renaissance culture/sessions 2, 3 and 5)~~.		In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contributions and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church”.

	[[Mary Tudor]] (“[[Bloody Mary]]”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much blood shed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England ~~the Catholics had been once and for all reduced to a position of inferiority~~. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England.		[[Mary Tudor]] (“[[Bloody Mary]]”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much blood shed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England. This has not changed until today.

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
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	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)

	Miller, John. ''Popery and ~~politics~~ in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.		Miller, John. ''Popery and Politics in England 1660-1688''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

Cat: /* Catholicism in England */

2010-06-01T19:09:47Z

Catholicism in England

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:09, 1 June 2010
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	== Catholicism in England ==		== Catholicism in England ==

	In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contribution and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church” (see also: course documents/Renaissance culture/sessions 2, 3 and 5).		In England the strength of the Catholic church started dwindling with [[Henry VIII]] as a result of the king's inability to convince the papal court to annul his marriage to [[Catherine of Aragon]]. Since he was desperate to marry [[Anne Boleyn]], who, Henry hoped, would provide him with a male heir, the king dismissed Cardinal Wolsey and brought in Thomas Cranmer and [[Thomas Cromwell]] - both sympathizers with the new ideas of Martin Luther. The Reformation Parliament (1529-1531) saw a gradual shift of power from Pope to king, culminating in the Act of Supremacy (1534), which stopped all contribution and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. The king of England became the ”supreme head of the Church” (see also: course documents/Renaissance culture/sessions 2, 3 and 5).

	[[Mary Tudor]] (“[[Bloody Mary]]”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much blood shed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England the Catholics had been once and for all reduced to a position of inferiority. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England.		[[Mary Tudor]] (“[[Bloody Mary]]”) tried to re-Catholicise England, with much blood shed but no long-term success. The next and last overt Catholic on the throne was [[James II]] (1685-1688). English Catholics once again saw some religious freedom granted in the [[Declaration of Indulgence]] of 1687, suspending the [[Test Acts]]. Thereby Catholics were able to take part in the military and hold posts in government. Unfortunately for Catholicism in England, James’ overt and radical pro-Catholicism brought his doom and led to the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]], which ousted James and brought in a die-hard Calvinist, [[William III\|William of Orange]]. The [[Bill of Rights]] (1689) served as a final nail on the coffin of Catholicism in England the Catholics had been once and for all reduced to a position of inferiority. According to these laws, no Roman Catholic is allowed to become king/queen of England.