Charles I - Revision history

Pankratz at 20:42, 21 November 2022

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	• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange		• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange

	• [[James\|James II]] (1633–1701)		• [[James II\|James]] (1633–1701)

	• Elisabeth (29 December 1635–13 September 1650)		• Elisabeth (29 December 1635–13 September 1650)

Pankratz at 20:41, 21 November 2022

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	• Charles James (*/† 13 May 1629)		• Charles James (*/† 13 May 1629)

	• [[Charles\|Charles II]] (1630–1685)		• [[Charles II\|Charles]] (1630–1685)

	• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange		• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange

Pankratz at 20:41, 21 November 2022

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	==Biography==		==Biography==

	He was born to James VI of Scotland and [[Anne of Denmark]] in Dunfermline, Fife, on 16 November 1600. He was raised in the belief that the king rules by the grace of God. His older brother Henry who Charles adored, died in 1612 which - according to the laws of primogeniture - made him the legal successor to the throne. He became King in 1625. He married Henrietta Mary of France on ~~13th~~ June 1625 with whom he had nine children:		He was born as the second son to James VI of Scotland and [[Anne of Denmark]] in Dunfermline, Fife, on 16 November 1600. He was raised in the belief that the king rules by the grace of God. His older brother Henry who Charles adored, died in 1612 which - according to the laws of primogeniture - made him the legal successor to the throne. He became King in 1625. He married Henrietta Mary of France on 13 June 1625 with whom he had nine children:

	• Charles James (*/† 13~~. Mai~~ 1629)		• Charles James (*/† 13 May 1629)

	• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)		• [[Charles\|Charles II]] (1630–1685)

	• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange		• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange

	• [[James II]] (1633–1701)		• [[James\|James II]] (1633–1701)

	• Elisabeth (~~29th~~ December ~~1635–13th~~ September 1650)		• Elisabeth (29 December 1635–13 September 1650)

	• Anne (~~17th~~ March ~~1637–15th~~ November 1640)		• Anne (17 March 1637–15 November 1640)

	• Katherine (*/† 29 June 1639)		• Katherine (*/† 29 June 1639)

	• Henry, Duke of Gloucester (~~8th~~ July ~~1640–8th~~ September 1660)		• Henry, Duke of Gloucester (8 July 1640–8 September 1660)

	• Henrietta Anne (1644–1670) ∞ Philipp I., Duke of Orleans.		• Henrietta Anne (1644–1670) ∞ Philipp I, Duke of Orleans.


	He was beheaded on ~~30th~~ January 1649 in London and is buried in [[St. George’s Chapel]], Windsor.		He was beheaded on 30 January 1649 in London and is buried in [[St George’s Chapel]], Windsor.


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	===2nd Civil War===		===2nd Civil War===

	During the 2nd Civil War (1648-1649) Charles I was imprisoned. The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I and the exile of his son [[Charles II]]. He was tried, convicted and executed for high treason.		During the 2nd Civil War (1648-1649) Charles I was imprisoned. The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I and the exile of his son Charles II. He was tried, convicted and executed for high treason.


	===Execution===		===Execution===
	Charles I was the first of the English kings to be put on trial. He was accused on ~~1st~~ January 1649 of being a tyrant, traitor and murderer as well as a public enemy to the Commonwealth of England which eventually led to his execution. He was executed on ~~30th~~ January 1649 followed by the abolition of the monarchy.		Charles I was the first of the English kings to be put on trial. He was accused on 1 January 1649 of being a tyrant, traitor and murderer as well as a public enemy to the Commonwealth of England which eventually led to his execution. He was executed on 30 January 1649 followed by the abolition of the monarchy.


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	Parliament confirmed that the monarchy was an unnecessary institution and had therefore to be replaced by a republic called the [[Commonwealth\|Commonwealth of England]] (1649-1653), often also referred to as the [[Cromwellian Interregnum]], which gave way to a [[Protectorate]] (1653-1658) under [[Oliver Cromwell]].		Parliament confirmed that the monarchy was an unnecessary institution and had therefore to be replaced by a republic called the [[Commonwealth\|Commonwealth of England]] (1649-1653), often also referred to as the [[Cromwellian Interregnum]], which gave way to a [[Protectorate]] (1653-1658) under [[Oliver Cromwell]].

	After the ~~[[restoration]]~~ of the monarchy in 1660, Charles I’s son Charles II ~~became~~ King of England.		After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles I’s son Charles II returned as King of England.

WikiSysop at 12:54, 24 October 2018

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	Cutch, Richard. "The Personality and Political Style of Charles I." ''BBC'', last updated 17 Feb 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/personality_charles_01.shtml.		Cutch, Richard. "The Personality and Political Style of Charles I." ''BBC'', last updated 17 Feb 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/personality_charles_01.shtml.

			Plant, David. "King Charles the First, 1600-1649." ''BCW Project: British Civil Wars, Commonwealth & Protectorate 1638-1660'', http://bcw-project.org/biography/charles-the-first.

WikiSysop: /* External links */

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External links

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	<http://anglicanhistory.org/charles/charles1.html> cites the last speech of Charles I just before his execution in London in 1649.		<http://anglicanhistory.org/charles/charles1.html> cites the last speech of Charles I just before his execution in London in 1649.

	<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/charles_i_king.shtml>		"Charles I (1600 - 1649)." ''BBC'', http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/charles_i_king.shtml.


	==References and Further Reading==		==References and Further Reading==

WikiSysop at 12:18, 24 October 2018

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	<http://www.~~bbc~~.~~co.uk~~/history/~~british~~/~~civil_war_revolution/personality_charles_01~~.~~shtml>~~		Britannia Staff Article. "Charles I: 1625-49 AD." ''Britannia: America's Gateway to the British Isles since 1996'', 2017, http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon47.html.

	<http://www.~~british-civil-wars~~.co.uk/~~biog~~/~~charles1.htm>~~		Cutch, Richard. "The Personality and Political Style of Charles I." ''BBC'', last updated 17 Feb 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/personality_charles_01.shtml.

	~~<http:~~//~~www.britannia~~.~~com/history/monarchs/mon47~~.~~html>~~

Pankratz at 15:20, 23 April 2013

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	In wrath and in desire to demonstrate his power Charles I dissolved Parliament after only three weeks (hence the name [[Short Parliament]]). In November 1640 a new Parliament convened which proved as stubborn as its predecessor (and which was to exist until 1660, hence the name [[Long Parliament]]). This Parliament directly went against Charles I and refused everything. It passed a law which forbade a dissolution of parliament without the agreement of parliament. It declared ship money illegal.		In wrath and in desire to demonstrate his power Charles I dissolved Parliament after only three weeks (hence the name [[Short Parliament]]). In November 1640 a new Parliament convened which proved as stubborn as its predecessor (and which was to exist until 1660, hence the name [[Long Parliament]]). This Parliament directly went against Charles I and refused everything. It passed a law which forbade a dissolution of parliament without the agreement of parliament. It declared ship money illegal.

	During the [[Civil War\|Civil Wars]], Charles I and his troops (the "Royalists") fought against the Parliamentarian faction (also known as "Roundheads"). The First Civil War started in 1642 and lasted until 1645. The Royalists lost. Parliament wanted Charles to accept an infringement of his prerogatives, which he refused. Instead, he fostered an alliance with Scotland and escaped to the Isle of Wight.		During the [[Civil War\|Civil Wars]], Charles I and his troops (the "Royalists" or "[[Cavaliers]]") fought against the Parliamentarian faction (also known as "[[Roundheads]]"). The First Civil War started in 1642 and lasted until 1645. The Royalists lost. Parliament wanted Charles to accept an infringement of his prerogatives, which he refused. Instead, he fostered an alliance with Scotland and escaped to the Isle of Wight.


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	==Aftermath==		==Aftermath==

	Parliament confirmed that the monarchy was an unnecessary institution and had therefore to be replaced by a republic called the [[Commonwealth\|Commonwealth of England]] (1649-1653), often also referred to as the [[Cromwellian Interregnum]], which gave way to a [[Protectorate]] (1653-1658) under ~~the reign of~~ [[Oliver Cromwell]].		Parliament confirmed that the monarchy was an unnecessary institution and had therefore to be replaced by a republic called the [[Commonwealth\|Commonwealth of England]] (1649-1653), often also referred to as the [[Cromwellian Interregnum]], which gave way to a [[Protectorate]] (1653-1658) under [[Oliver Cromwell]].

	After the [[restoration]] of the monarchy in 1660, Charles I’s son Charles II became King of England.		After the [[restoration]] of the monarchy in 1660, Charles I’s son Charles II became King of England.



	~~==Novels on Charles I==~~
	*Lane, Jane. ''The Young and Lonely King''. London: Sphere, 1971.

	*Lane, Jane. ''The Severed Crown''. London: Peter Davis, 1972.


	~~==Films on the Charles I==~~
	~~Several different films as well as documentaries on Charles I have been produced and shown on TV:~~

	~~[[Cromwell (Movie)\|Cromwell]] (1970), directed by Ken Hughes.~~

	~~Great Kings of England: King Charles I (2000)~~


	~~==Poetry on Charles I==~~
	*[[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]. “Archie’s Song from Charles I”

	*Anonymus. “Upon a Quiet Conscience”

Pankratz at 14:53, 4 November 2011

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	• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)		• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)

	• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[~~William III\|~~William II]], Prince of Orange		• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange

	• [[James II]] (1633–1701)		• [[James II]] (1633–1701)

Pankratz at 14:53, 4 November 2011

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	• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)		• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)

	• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange		• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William III\|William II]], Prince of Orange

	• [[James II]] (1633–1701)		• [[James II]] (1633–1701)

Pankratz at 14:52, 4 November 2011

2011-11-04T14:52:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:52, 4 November 2011
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	• Charles James (*/† 13. Mai 1629)		• Charles James (*/† 13. Mai 1629)

	• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)		• [[Charles II]] (1630–1685)

	• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange		• Mary (1631–1660) ∞ [[William II]], Prince of Orange

	• [[James II]] (1633–1701)		• [[James II]] (1633–1701)

	• Elisabeth (29th December 1635–13th September 1650)		• Elisabeth (29th December 1635–13th September 1650)

	• Anne (17th March 1637–15th November 1640)		• Anne (17th March 1637–15th November 1640)

	• Katherine (*/† 29 June 1639)		• Katherine (*/† 29 June 1639)

	• Henry, Duke of Gloucester (8th July 1640–8th September 1660)		• Henry, Duke of Gloucester (8th July 1640–8th September 1660)

	• Henrietta Anne (1644–1670) ∞ Philipp I., Duke of Orleans.		• Henrietta Anne (1644–1670) ∞ Philipp I., Duke of Orleans.