Daphne du Maurier - Revision history

Firefly at 15:24, 10 February 2012

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	She then set about to write her first novel. She began writing it in 1929-30 at Bodinnick, Cornwall in their family´s country home. There she wrote ''The Loving Spirit'', which was published in February 1931. Her fourth book, a frank biography of her father Gerald, written after his death in 1934, had the greatest impact. It was published by Victor Gollancz, with whom she entertained a productive partnership. He recognized Daphne du Maurier's strength to create works with strong narrative drive and dense atmosphere and encouraged her to develop these strengths, which resulted in the work ''Jamaica Inn'' (1936). It became a bestseller.		She then set about to write her first novel. She began writing it in 1929-30 at Bodinnick, Cornwall in their family´s country home. There she wrote ''The Loving Spirit'', which was published in February 1931. Her fourth book, a frank biography of her father Gerald, written after his death in 1934, had the greatest impact. It was published by Victor Gollancz, with whom she entertained a productive partnership. He recognized Daphne du Maurier's strength to create works with strong narrative drive and dense atmosphere and encouraged her to develop these strengths, which resulted in the work ''Jamaica Inn'' (1936). It became a bestseller.

	In 1936 she was obliged to go abroad to Egypt with her husband, who served in the army. In Egypt she wrote ''Rebecca'' (1938) which was “hailed as a romantic novel in the tradition of ''Jane Eyre''” (Forster), though du Maurier meant it to be a study of jealousy, which she herself experienced with a former fiancée of her husband~~. Du Maurier was astonished by the success of ''Rebecca'', which sold over 1 Mio hardback copies by 1992 in Britain [source??]~~. ''Rebecca'' was adapted into a movie 1940 by Alfred Hitchcock and by the BBC in 1978.		In 1936 she was obliged to go abroad to Egypt with her husband, who served in the army. In Egypt she wrote ''Rebecca'' (1938) which was “hailed as a romantic novel in the tradition of ''Jane Eyre''” (Forster), though du Maurier meant it to be a study of jealousy, which she herself experienced with a former fiancée of her husband. ''Rebecca'' was adapted into a movie 1940 by Alfred Hitchcock and by the BBC in 1978.

	In 1943, while her husband was fighting in the Second World War, Du Maurier lived with her children near Par, Cornwall. In 1944 she wrote the play ''The Years Between'', which dealt with the effects of war on a marriage, a consequence she herself experienced with her husband gone because gradually she felt estranged from him.		In 1943, while her husband was fighting in the Second World War, Du Maurier lived with her children near Par, Cornwall. In 1944 she wrote the play ''The Years Between'', which dealt with the effects of war on a marriage, a consequence she herself experienced with her husband gone because gradually she felt estranged from him.

Firefly at 18:43, 8 February 2012

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	Ousby, Ian. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. ''The Wordsworth Companion to Literature in English''. Ed. Ian Ousby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 276-277.		Ousby, Ian. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. ''The Wordsworth Companion to Literature in English''. Ed. Ian Ousby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 276-277.

	Stieve, Rebecca. "Daphne ~~du Maurier~~". ''Das Buch der 1000 Bücher. Werke, die die Welt bewegten.'' Gütersloh: Mohn Media Mohndruck, 2005. 315-316.		Stieve, Rebecca. "Du Maurier, Daphne". ''Das Buch der 1000 Bücher. Werke, die die Welt bewegten.'' Gütersloh: Mohn Media Mohndruck, 2005. 315-316.

Firefly at 18:43, 8 February 2012

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	Ousby, Ian. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. ''The Wordsworth Companion to Literature in English''. Ed. Ian Ousby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 276-277.		Ousby, Ian. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. ''The Wordsworth Companion to Literature in English''. Ed. Ian Ousby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 276-277.

			Stieve, Rebecca. "Daphne du Maurier". ''Das Buch der 1000 Bücher. Werke, die die Welt bewegten.'' Gütersloh: Mohn Media Mohndruck, 2005. 315-316.

Firefly at 18:22, 8 February 2012

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	Auerbach, Nina. “du Maurier, Daphne”. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature''. Ed. David Scott Kastan, Oxford University Press, 2005. http://www.oxford-britishliterature.com/entry?entry=t198.e0148 (accessed 9 January 2012).		Auerbach, Nina. “du Maurier, Daphne”. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature''. Ed. David Scott Kastan, Oxford University Press, 2005. http://www.oxford-britishliterature.com/entry?entry=t198.e0148 (accessed 9 January 2012).


	~~“Birth of Daphne du Maurier”. ''History Today'' 57.5 (2007): 60-61.~~

	Academic Search Premier. http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=fe9c4d91-0a70-49ea-bd10-0056fe1a055e%40sessionmgr113&vid=4&hid=102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=24957092 [please give the exact source=title of the book/article you used]

	Forster, Margaret. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne (1907 – 1989)“. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/39829		Forster, Margaret. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne (1907 – 1989)“. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/39829

	Ousby, Ian. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. ''The Wordsworth Companion to Literature in English''. Ed. Ian Ousby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 276-277.		Ousby, Ian. “Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. ''The Wordsworth Companion to Literature in English''. Ed. Ian Ousby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 276-277.

Firefly at 21:54, 19 January 2012

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	====Stories====		====Stories====

	''Come Wind, Come Weather'' (1940)		"Come Wind, Come Weather" (1940)

	''The Apple Tree'' (1952)		"The Apple Tree"(1952)

	''Happy Christmas'' (1953)		"Happy Christmas"(1953)

	''Early Stories'' (1955)		"Early Stories" (1955)

	''The Breaking Point'' (1959)		"The Breaking Point" (1959)

	''Not after Midnight'' (1971)		"Not after Midnight" (1971)

	''Echoes from the Macabre'' (1976)		"Echoes from the Macabre" (1976)

	''The Rendezvous and Other Stories'' (1980)		"The Rendezvous and Other Stories"(1980)

	''Classics of the Macabre'' (1987)		"Classics of the Macabre" (1987)

Pankratz at 16:09, 18 January 2012

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	In 1932 she married Frederick Arthur Montague ("Boy") Browning (1896-1965), and in 1933 had a daughter, Tessa, her second daughter Flavia (1937) and her son Christian (1940). In 1947 she fell in love with Ellen Doubleday, to whom she wrote passionate love letters. Yet, she insisted that she wasn´t lesbian but simply “a boy of eighteen all over again” (Auerbach). When Ellen Doubleday did not respond, Daphne du Maurier began an affair with Gertrude Lawrence until Gertrude´s sudden death in 1952. Du Maurier claimed that not she herself but the boy within her fell in love with these women.		In 1932 she married Frederick Arthur Montague ("Boy") Browning (1896-1965), and in 1933 had a daughter, Tessa, her second daughter Flavia (1937) and her son Christian (1940). In 1947 she fell in love with Ellen Doubleday, to whom she wrote passionate love letters. Yet, she insisted that she wasn´t lesbian but simply “a boy of eighteen all over again” (Auerbach). When Ellen Doubleday did not respond, Daphne du Maurier began an affair with Gertrude Lawrence until Gertrude´s sudden death in 1952. Du Maurier claimed that not she herself but the boy within her fell in love with these women.
	In 1969 Daphne du Maurier was awarded the title "Dame Commander of the British Empire".		In 1969 Daphne du Maurier was awarded the title "Dame Commander of the British Empire".

			In 1965 her husband died and that loss made her suffer from depression. Until 1977 she produced only two more novels and one volume of her autobiography, ''Growing Pains'' (1977). In 1981 she had a nervous breakdown and after that a mild coronary.
			Daphne du Maurier died of heart failure in Par, Cornwall on 19 April 1989. She was cremated and her ashes scattered at Kilmarth (her home from 1969-1989).


	===Writing===		===Writing===
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	Du Maurier felt that her later serious works were was not given enough credit. ''The Scapegoat'' (1957) was treated as a mere romantic thriller. She then turned to writing biographies to prove that she could produce serious works.		Du Maurier felt that her later serious works were was not given enough credit. ''The Scapegoat'' (1957) was treated as a mere romantic thriller. She then turned to writing biographies to prove that she could produce serious works.

	~~In 1965~~ her ~~husband died and that loss made her suffer from depression~~. ~~Until 1977 she produced~~ only ~~two more novels and one volume of her autobiography,~~ ''~~Growing Pains~~'' ~~(1977)~~. In ~~1981 she had a nervous breakdown~~ and ~~after that a mild coronary~~.		Daphne du Maurier is often dismissed as serious author because her novels are so easy to read. In the mid-1990´s only ''Rebecca'', of all her thirty-eight books remained in print.
	~~Daphne du Maurier died~~ of ~~heart failure in Par, Cornwall~~ on ~~19 April 1989. She was cremated and her ashes scattered at Kilmarth (her home from 1969-1989)~~.		In the following decade almost all her novels were again available in the United States and Great Britain.
			During her lifetime, 13 of her novels can be found on world wide bestseller lists.

	===~~Literary~~ Influences ===		=== Influences ===

	Though she herself claims that contemporary writers such as Katherine Mansfield, W. Somerset Maugham, Guy de Maupassant and Mary Webb were her main literary influences, her father and grandfather, were even greater influences on her writing. Her last novel ''The House on the Strand'' (1969) is a variation of one of her grandfather's romances. She also often modeled her male protagonists after her father.		Though she herself claims that contemporary writers such as Katherine Mansfield, W. Somerset Maugham, Guy de Maupassant and Mary Webb were her main literary influences, her father and grandfather, were even greater influences on her writing. Her last novel ''The House on the Strand'' (1969) is a variation of one of her grandfather's romances. She also often modeled her male protagonists after her father.
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	In ''Mary Anne'' (1954) she resurrected her family´s ancestry in depicting her grandfather Georges´ maternal grandmother Mary Anne Clarke, who was a great manipulator. Mary Anne was a former English prostitute, who became an infamous courtesan in the Regency period and mistress of the Prince Friedrich August, Duke of York, son of King George III. When the Duke cast her off she blackmailed him with love letters and he then paid her a generous subsidy, which supported the entire next generation of Du Mauriers.		In ''Mary Anne'' (1954) she resurrected her family´s ancestry in depicting her grandfather Georges´ maternal grandmother Mary Anne Clarke, who was a great manipulator. Mary Anne was a former English prostitute, who became an infamous courtesan in the Regency period and mistress of the Prince Friedrich August, Duke of York, son of King George III. When the Duke cast her off she blackmailed him with love letters and he then paid her a generous subsidy, which supported the entire next generation of Du Mauriers.

	~~===Influence===~~

	~~Daphne du Maurier is often dismissed as serious author because her novels are so easy to read. In the mid-1990´s only ''Rebecca'', of all her thirty-eight books remained in print.~~
	~~In the following decade almost all her novels were again available in the United States and Great Britain.~~
	~~During her lifetime, 13 of her novels can be found on world wide bestseller lists.~~

	===Selected Works===		===Selected Works===
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	===Works ~~cited~~===		===Works Cited===

	Auerbach, Nina. “du Maurier, Daphne”. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature''. Ed. David Scott Kastan, Oxford University Press, 2005. http://www.oxford-britishliterature.com/entry?entry=t198.e0148 (accessed 9 January 2012).		Auerbach, Nina. “du Maurier, Daphne”. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature''. Ed. David Scott Kastan, Oxford University Press, 2005. http://www.oxford-britishliterature.com/entry?entry=t198.e0148 (accessed 9 January 2012).

Pankratz at 16:08, 18 January 2012

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Firefly at 16:34, 15 January 2012

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	===Education===		===Education===
	Daphne Du Maurier was mainly educated at home by governesses. Later she spent three terms at a finishing school near Paris.		Daphne du Maurier was mainly educated at home by governesses. Later she spent three terms at a finishing school near Paris.

	===Personality===		===Personality===

Firefly at 16:32, 15 January 2012

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	(married name Browning) was born on 13th May 1907 in London and was the second of three daughters of Sir Gerald Hubert Edward Busson du Maurier (1873-1934) and his wife Muriel (1881-1957), who was an actress.		(married name Browning) was born on 13th May 1907 in London and was the second of three daughters of Sir Gerald Hubert Edward Busson du Maurier (1873-1934) and his wife Muriel (1881-1957), who was an actress. She died in 1989 in Par, Cornwall.

	In 1932 she married Frederick Arthur Montague (Boy) Browning (1896-1965), and in 1933 had a daughter, Tessa, her second daughter Flavia (1937) and her son Christian (1940).		In 1932 she married Frederick Arthur Montague (Boy) Browning (1896-1965), and in 1933 had a daughter, Tessa, her second daughter Flavia (1937) and her son Christian (1940).

Firefly at 16:31, 15 January 2012

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	Accessed: 9th January 2012.		Accessed: 9th January 2012.


	~~“Du Maurier, Dame Daphne”. Munziger Online/Personen – Internationales Biographisches Archiv.~~

	~~http://www.munziger.de/document/00000004936~~

	~~accessed: 4th January 2012~~