Jacobites - Revision history

Pankratz at 09:58, 18 April 2019

2019-04-18T09:58:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:58, 18 April 2019
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	Supporters of the exiled Stuart King [[James II]] (Latin: Jacobus) and his descendants. The Jacobite movement was a political movement with the aim of undermining the Hanoverian regime and restoring the Stuarts as the ruling monarchical family. The movement began in the course of the [[Glorious Revolution]] (1688) and was crushed as a political force after 1746.		Supporters of the exiled Stuart King [[James II]] (Latin: Jacobus) and his descendants. The Jacobite movement was a political movement with the aim of undermining the Hanoverian regime and restoring the Stuarts as the ruling monarchical family. The movement began in the course of the [[Glorious Revolution]] (1688/1689) and was crushed as a political force after 1746.


	'''Origins'''		'''Origins'''

	As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution ~~in 1688~~, the Catholic James II went into exile and his daughter [[Mary II]] and her husband [[William III]] of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated the succession of the Catholic House of Stuart following the laws of (male) primogeniture and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the Protestant line of succession, especially after the death of the last Stuart monarch, Anne, and the change of dynasties from the House of Stuart to the House of Hanover. Several [[Jacobite risings]] took place.		As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution, the Catholic James II went into exile and his daughter [[Mary II]] and her husband [[William III]] of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated the succession of the Catholic House of Stuart following the laws of (male) primogeniture and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the Protestant line of succession, especially after the death of the last Stuart monarch, Anne, and the change of dynasties from the House of Stuart to the House of Hanover. Several [[Jacobite risings]] took place.

	'''Composition and Forms'''		'''Composition and Forms'''

Pankratz at 15:15, 18 December 2013

2013-12-18T15:15:54Z

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	'''Composition and Forms'''		'''Composition and Forms'''

	Many Jacobites were Scottish and Scotland became "one of the cockpits of conflict" (Speck 18), because the Stuarts retained much more support there. But also English and Irish people became associated with the Jacobite movement, as well as Anglican [[Tories]]. Jacobites were both plebeian as well as patrician and Szechi states that "Jacobitism generated an introverted commensality within British society, i.e. it produced a self-sustaining, recognisable minority who rejected the social, political and religious order installed after 1688" (12). Szechi continues by explaining that Jacobite society revolved around networks of kinship and sociability and was rather exclusive. It comprised three layers. There were the hard-core, ideologically commited Jacobites who brought up their children accordingly. Then there were the politcally embittered who had "simply lost in the political game and were seeking a radical way to reenter the fray" (Szechi 17). And then there were some Jacobites who can be seen as simply adventurers that were driven to Jacobitism due to the fact that they had no other means of mending their fortunes. The Jacobite ideology did not only manifest itself through revolts and risings, but also culturally and in every day life. Jacobites sang special songs (e.g. the [[Cavalier]] anthem "The King Shall Enjoy His Own again"), read poetry evoking the good old days and hang portraits of the exiled Stuart family in their houses.		Many Jacobites were Scottish and Scotland became "one of the cockpits of conflict" (Speck 18), because the Stuarts retained much more support there. But also English and Irish people became associated with the Jacobite movement, as well as Anglican [[Tories]]. Jacobites were both plebeian as well as patrician and Szechi states that "Jacobitism generated an introverted commensality within British society, i.e. it produced a self-sustaining, recognisable minority who rejected the social, political and religious order installed after 1688" (12). Szechi continues by explaining that Jacobite society revolved around networks of kinship and sociability and was rather exclusive. It comprised three layers. There were the hard-core, ideologically commited Jacobites who brought up their children accordingly. Then there were the politcally embittered who had "simply lost in the political game and were seeking a radical way to reenter the fray" (Szechi 17). And then there were some Jacobites who can be seen as simply adventurers that were driven to Jacobitism due to the fact that they had no other means of mending their fortunes. The Jacobite ideology did not only manifest itself through revolts and risings, but also culturally and in every day life. Jacobites sang special songs (e.g. the [[Cavaliers\|Cavalier]] anthem "The King Shall Enjoy His Own again"), read poetry evoking the good old days and hang portraits of the exiled Stuart family in their houses.

	'''Sources''':		'''Sources''':

Pankratz at 15:15, 18 December 2013

2013-12-18T15:15:28Z

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	'''Origins'''		'''Origins'''

	As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, the Catholic James II went into exile and his daughter [[Mary II]] and her husband [[William III]] of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated the succession of the Catholic House of Stuart following the laws of (male) primogeniture and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the Protestant line of succession, especially after the death of the last Stuart monarch, Anne, and the change of dynasties from the House of Stuart to the House of Hanover. Several [[Jacobite ~~Risings~~]] took place.		As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, the Catholic James II went into exile and his daughter [[Mary II]] and her husband [[William III]] of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated the succession of the Catholic House of Stuart following the laws of (male) primogeniture and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the Protestant line of succession, especially after the death of the last Stuart monarch, Anne, and the change of dynasties from the House of Stuart to the House of Hanover. Several [[Jacobite risings]] took place.

	'''Composition and Forms'''		'''Composition and Forms'''

Pankratz at 15:15, 18 December 2013

2013-12-18T15:15:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 18 December 2013
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	~~Jacobites were the supporters~~ of the exiled Stuart King James II (Latin: Jacobus) and his descendants. The Jacobite movement was a political movement with the aim of undermining the Hanoverian regime and restoring the Stuarts as the ruling ~~monarchal~~ family. The movement began in the course of the Glorious Revolution (1688) and was crushed as a political force after 1746.		Supporters of the exiled Stuart King [[James II]] (Latin: Jacobus) and his descendants. The Jacobite movement was a political movement with the aim of undermining the Hanoverian regime and restoring the Stuarts as the ruling monarchical family. The movement began in the course of the [[Glorious Revolution]] (1688) and was crushed as a political force after 1746.


	[[Origins]]		'''Origins'''

	As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, the ~~catholic king~~ James II ~~was dethroned and exiled~~ and his daughter Mary II and her ~~protestant~~ husband William III of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated ~~a hereditary~~ succession of the ~~catholic~~ House of Stuart and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the ~~protestant~~ line of succession~~. After~~ the death of ~~Queen Anne who followed her sister Mary on~~ the ~~throne~~, ~~George I~~, ~~belonging to~~ the ~~house~~ of ~~Hanover, was installed as king and finally superseded~~ the House of Stuart~~. The Jacobites, who were in favor of~~ the ~~catholic James Francis Edward Stuart, son~~ of ~~James II, as king, questioned the legitimacy of George II and began to riot~~. Several Jacobite ~~risings~~ took place.		As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, the Catholic James II went into exile and his daughter [[Mary II]] and her husband [[William III]] of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated the succession of the Catholic House of Stuart following the laws of (male) primogeniture and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the Protestant line of succession, especially after the death of the last Stuart monarch, Anne, and the change of dynasties from the House of Stuart to the House of Hanover. Several [[Jacobite Risings]] took place.

	[[Composition and Forms]]		'''Composition and Forms'''

	Many Jacobites were Scottish and Scotland became ''one of the cockpits of ~~conflict“~~ (Speck 18), because the Stuarts retained much more support there. But also English and Irish people became associated with the Jacobite movement, as well as ~~Anglician~~ Tories. Jacobites were both plebeian as well as patrician and Szechi states that ''Jacobitism generated an introverted commensality within British society, i.e. it produced a self-sustaining, recognisable minority who rejected the social, political and religious order installed after ~~1688“~~ (12). Szechi continues by explaining that Jacobite society revolved around networks of kinship and sociability and was a rather exclusive ~~society~~. It ~~was~~ comprised of three layers. ~~On the one hand, there~~ were the hard-core, ideologically commited Jacobites who brought up their children accordingly. ~~On the other hand,~~ there were the politcally embittered who had ''simply lost in the political game and were seeking a radical way to reenter the fray'' (Szechi 17). ~~Apart from that,~~ some Jacobites can be seen as simply adventurers that were driven to Jacobitism due to the fact that they had no other means of mending their fortunes. The Jacobite ideology did not only manifest itself through revolts and risings, but also culturally and in every day life. Jacobites sang special songs (e.g. the Cavalier anthem The ~~king shall enjoy his own~~ again), read poetry evoking the good old days and hang portraits of the exiled Stuart family in their houses.		Many Jacobites were Scottish and Scotland became "one of the cockpits of conflict" (Speck 18), because the Stuarts retained much more support there. But also English and Irish people became associated with the Jacobite movement, as well as Anglican [[Tories]]. Jacobites were both plebeian as well as patrician and Szechi states that "Jacobitism generated an introverted commensality within British society, i.e. it produced a self-sustaining, recognisable minority who rejected the social, political and religious order installed after 1688" (12). Szechi continues by explaining that Jacobite society revolved around networks of kinship and sociability and was rather exclusive. It comprised three layers. There were the hard-core, ideologically commited Jacobites who brought up their children accordingly. Then there were the politcally embittered who had "simply lost in the political game and were seeking a radical way to reenter the fray" (Szechi 17). And then there were some Jacobites who can be seen as simply adventurers that were driven to Jacobitism due to the fact that they had no other means of mending their fortunes. The Jacobite ideology did not only manifest itself through revolts and risings, but also culturally and in every day life. Jacobites sang special songs (e.g. the [[Cavalier]] anthem "The King Shall Enjoy His Own again"), read poetry evoking the good old days and hang portraits of the exiled Stuart family in their houses.

	~~[[Important Jacobite risings]]~~		'''Sources''':

	~~1715: Earl of Mar raised the Stuart standard at Braemar on 6 September 1715~~. The ~~Battle~~ of ~~Sheriffmuir between Jacobite armys and royal armys led by the Duke of Argyll ended in a draw~~. ~~The Jacobite army dispersed~~.		Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John. ''The Longman Handbook of Modern British History 1714-1987''. New York: Longman, 1983.

	~~1745: Prince Charles Edward~~, ~~the Young Pretender, raised his standard at Glenfinnan on 19 August 1745~~. ~~The Jacobites were defeated at the Battle~~ of ~~Culloden~~.		Speck, W.A. ''A Concise History of Britain 1707-1975''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

	~~[[Sources:]]~~		Szechi, Daniel. ''The Jacobites''. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.

	~~Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History 1714-1987. New York: Longman Inc.,1983.~~

	~~Speck, W.A. A Concise History of Britain 1707-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1993.~~

	Szechi, Daniel. The Jacobites. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.

Jacob at 11:41, 18 December 2013

2013-12-18T11:41:16Z

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	~~Supporters~~ of the Stuarts ~~after~~ the [[Glorious Revolution~~]]. Their main goal was to restore [[James II]], his son [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]] and his grand-son [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]]~~ (~~aka Bonny Prince Charlie~~) ~~to the English throne often by conspiracy~~ and ~~violent means~~.		Jacobites were the supporters of the exiled Stuart King James II (Latin: Jacobus) and his descendants. The Jacobite movement was a political movement with the aim of undermining the Hanoverian regime and restoring the Stuarts as the ruling monarchal family. The movement began in the course of the Glorious Revolution (1688) and was crushed as a political force after 1746.

	[[~~Category~~:~~Expansion~~]]
			[[Origins]]

			As a consequence of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, the catholic king James II was dethroned and exiled and his daughter Mary II and her protestant husband William III of Orange were crowned king and queen. Supporters of James II advocated a hereditary succession of the catholic House of Stuart and asserted their customary loyalism by revolting against the regime and the protestant line of succession. After the death of Queen Anne who followed her sister Mary on the throne, George I, belonging to the house of Hanover, was installed as king and finally superseded the House of Stuart. The Jacobites, who were in favor of the catholic James Francis Edward Stuart, son of James II, as king, questioned the legitimacy of George II and began to riot. Several Jacobite risings took place.

			[[Composition and Forms]]

			Many Jacobites were Scottish and Scotland became ''one of the cockpits of conflict“ (Speck 18), because the Stuarts retained much more support there. But also English and Irish people became associated with the Jacobite movement, as well as Anglician Tories. Jacobites were both plebeian as well as patrician and Szechi states that ''Jacobitism generated an introverted commensality within British society, i.e. it produced a self-sustaining, recognisable minority who rejected the social, political and religious order installed after 1688“ (12). Szechi continues by explaining that Jacobite society revolved around networks of kinship and sociability and was a rather exclusive society. It was comprised of three layers. On the one hand, there were the hard-core, ideologically commited Jacobites who brought up their children accordingly. On the other hand, there were the politcally embittered who had ''simply lost in the political game and were seeking a radical way to reenter the fray'' (Szechi 17). Apart from that, some Jacobites can be seen as simply adventurers that were driven to Jacobitism due to the fact that they had no other means of mending their fortunes. The Jacobite ideology did not only manifest itself through revolts and risings, but also culturally and in every day life. Jacobites sang special songs (e.g. the Cavalier anthem The king shall enjoy his own again), read poetry evoking the good old days and hang portraits of the exiled Stuart family in their houses.

			[[Important Jacobite risings]]

			1715: Earl of Mar raised the Stuart standard at Braemar on 6 September 1715. The Battle of Sheriffmuir between Jacobite armys and royal armys led by the Duke of Argyll ended in a draw. The Jacobite army dispersed.

			1745: Prince Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, raised his standard at Glenfinnan on 19 August 1745. The Jacobites were defeated at the Battle of Culloden.

			[[Sources:]]

			Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History 1714-1987. New York: Longman Inc.,1983.

			Speck, W.A. A Concise History of Britain 1707-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1993.

			Szechi, Daniel. The Jacobites. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.

Pankratz at 13:53, 25 April 2013

2013-04-25T13:53:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 25 April 2013
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	Supporters of the Stuarts after the Glorious Revolution. Their main goal was to restore [[James II]], his son [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]] and his grand-son [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]] (or Bonny Prince Charlie) to the English throne often by conspiracy and violent means.		Supporters of the Stuarts after the [[Glorious Revolution]]. Their main goal was to restore [[James II]], his son [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]] and his grand-son [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]] (aka Bonny Prince Charlie) to the English throne often by conspiracy and violent means.

	[[Category:Expansion]]		[[Category:Expansion]]

Pankratz at 13:53, 25 April 2013

2013-04-25T13:53:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 25 April 2013
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	Supporters of the Stuarts ~~(in~~ the ~~18th century namely~~ [[James II]], [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]], [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]])~~. Their main goal was~~ to ~~restore~~ the ~~catholic Stuart dynasty in England~~ often by conspiracy and violent means.		Supporters of the Stuarts after the Glorious Revolution. Their main goal was to restore [[James II]], his son [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]] and his grand-son [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]] (or Bonny Prince Charlie) to the English throne often by conspiracy and violent means.

	~~The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.~~		[[Category:Expansion]]
	~~----~~
	~~Important '''Jacobite risings''' in the 18th century~~:

	~~1708: A reaction to the Act of Union.~~

	~~1715: An attempt to wipe out the Hanoverian rule in England.~~

	~~1745: A reaction to the English warfare. The Jacobites won the battle at Prestonpans.~~
	~~But in 1746, they lost the battle at Culloden.~~

Pankratz at 16:43, 9 November 2009

2009-11-09T16:43:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 9 November 2009
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	~~The '''Jacobites''' are supporters~~ of the Stuarts (in the 18th century namely [[James II]], [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]], [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]]). Their main goal was to restore the catholic Stuart dynasty in England.		Supporters of the Stuarts (in the 18th century namely [[James II]], [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]], [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]]). Their main goal was to restore the catholic Stuart dynasty in England often by conspiracy and violent means.

	The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.		The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.

Pankratz at 16:42, 9 November 2009

2009-11-09T16:42:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:42, 9 November 2009
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	The '''Jacobites''' are supporters of the Stuarts (in the 18th century namely [[James II]], [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]], [[Charles Edward]]). Their main goal was to restore the catholic Stuart dynasty in England.		The '''Jacobites''' are supporters of the Stuarts (in the 18th century namely [[James II]], [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]], [[Charles Edward Stuart\|Charles Edward]]). Their main goal was to restore the catholic Stuart dynasty in England.

	The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.		The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.

Pankratz at 16:41, 9 November 2009

2009-11-09T16:41:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 9 November 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The '''Jacobites''' are supporters of the Stuarts (in the 18th century namely [[James II]], [[James Edward]], [[Charles Edward]]). Their main goal was to restore the catholic Stuart dynasty in England.		The '''Jacobites''' are supporters of the Stuarts (in the 18th century namely [[James II]], [[James Francis Edward Stuart\|James Edward]], [[Charles Edward]]). Their main goal was to restore the catholic Stuart dynasty in England.

	The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.		The Jacobites' allies in the 18th century were to be found in the catholic countries, e.g. France and Ireland. In England, they sympathized with the Tories.