Joint monarchs - Revision history

DaZM at 14:08, 6 January 2023

2023-01-06T14:08:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 6 January 2023
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	'''Joint Rulers and Parliament'''		'''Joint Rulers and Parliament'''

	One of the important changes affected the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament. From ~~1688~~, it ~~was~~ a ~~rule~~ to summon Parliament each year ~~[source? was it a "rule" or did it become a custom?]~~. One of the reason for that was the monarch’s dependence on tax revenues. The ~~wars [which wars?]~~ required a lot of money, which could be ensured by annual sessions of Parliament given that Parliament could not only impose new taxes, but also decide how to spend them. Therefore without Parliament the tax system would have had a lot of difficulties. The power of Parliament was also supported by the [[Triennial Act of 1694]].		One of the important changes affected the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament. From 1689, it became a custom to summon Parliament each year (Smith 1998:313). One of the reason for that was the monarch’s dependence on tax revenues. The war with France required a lot of money, which could be ensured by annual sessions of Parliament given that Parliament could not only impose new taxes, but also decide how to spend them. Therefore without Parliament the tax system would have had a lot of difficulties. The power of Parliament was also supported by the [[Triennial Act of 1694]].
	Obviously, Parliament exploited its new power to the fullest extent. Firstly, from 1690 onwards, a Common Commission of Public Accounts controlled government expenses. Moreover, parliamentary guarantees decided on the government’s fiscal credit, which meant that they decided whether the monarchs could borrow money from the Bank of England, whose foundation in 1694 was part of that process. Of course, not all the changes were accepted easily by William III. He tried to ban some of the decisions of Parliament until he was forced to accept them due to the lack of money.		Obviously, Parliament exploited its new power to the fullest extent. Firstly, from 1690 onwards, a Common Commission of Public Accounts controlled government expenses. Moreover, parliamentary guarantees decided on the government’s fiscal credit, which meant that they decided whether the monarchs could borrow money from the Bank of England, whose foundation in 1694 was part of that process. Of course, not all the changes were accepted easily by William III. He tried to ban some of the decisions of Parliament until he was forced to accept them due to the lack of money.

	'''Joint Rulers and the Judiciary'''		'''Joint Rulers and the Judiciary'''

	The monarch's power over the judiciary was diminished as well. In 1701 the [[Act of Settlement]] was passed, its official name was the following: "Act for the further limitation of the Crown, and better securing the fights and liberties of the subject" (Smith 1998: 315). That Act not just excluded all Catholic heirs from ascending the throne, which meant that only Protestants could claim for the position of the ruler of the country, it also restricted the power of the monarchs [in ~~which way?]~~. This Act entered into force after Queen Anne died.		The monarch's power over the judiciary was diminished as well. In 1701 the [[Act of Settlement]] was passed, its official name was the following: "Act for the further limitation of the Crown, and better securing the fights and liberties of the subject" (Smith 1998: 315). That Act not just excluded all Catholic heirs from ascending the throne, which meant that only Protestants could claim for the position of the ruler of the country, it also restricted the power of the monarchs. Firstly, the monarch couldn't choose his or her religion anymore given that he or she had to be Protestants. Secondly, a future monarch who wasn't born in England could't start any war to protect the territories that belonged to England without Parliament's permission. Furthermore, all governmental issues were to discuss in the Privy Council. Finally, the monarch couldn't be a member of the House of Commons (Smith 1998:315). This Act entered into force after Queen Anne died.

	'''Cabinet government'''		'''Cabinet government'''

	Another important change was the formation of [[Cabinet government]]. The reason for its creation was the constant absence of William III because of the wars and the necessity of his wife to reign alone, who needed help in the financial, diplomatic and military questions. Cabinet government usually consisted of 9-16 members and it established a connection between Parliament and the monarchs [in which ~~way? Cabinets~~ and ~~advisor have existed before]~~. Mary II sought the help of Cabinet government until her death in 1694, after which Anne [she came later, aftr William died] continued to use the Cabinet.		Another important change was the formation of [[Cabinet government]]. The reason for its creation was the constant absence of William III because of the wars and the necessity of his wife to reign alone, who needed help in the financial, diplomatic and military questions. Cabinet government usually consisted of 9-16 members (an inner group of officers of state and Privy Councillors) and it established a connection between Parliament and the monarchs given that its members participated in decision-making process of governmental issues, which were discussed with the monarchs and later with Parliament. Mary II sought the help of Cabinet government until her death in 1694, after which Anne [she came later, aftr William died] continued to use the Cabinet.

	'''Political culture'''		'''Political culture'''

	Major transformation in political culture started taking place during their reign. It cannot be denied that parties existed before William III and Mary II reign, however their rapid growth happened during their government, or at least it started at that time. This can be seen by the fact, that such terms as ''Whig'' and ''Tory'' ~~emerged [they did not;~~ the ~~terms~~ emerged during the Exclusion Crisis], which mirrored the main political positions in the country.		Major transformation in political culture started taking place during their reign. It cannot be denied that parties existed before William III and Mary II reign, however their rapid growth happened during their government, or at least it started at that time. This can be seen by the fact, that such terms as ''Whig'' and ''Tory'' began to be implemented (Cannon 1988:436). It should be noted here that the termes emerged during the last stages of the Exclusion Crisis, hovewer their growth occurred after the Glorious Revolution (Smith 1998:317), which mirrored the main political positions in the country.
	The sessions of Parliament were longer in comparison to the years before, as well as the intervals between them were shorter, which encouraged the growth and development of the political parties.		The sessions of Parliament were longer in comparison to the years before, as well as the intervals between them were shorter, which encouraged the growth and development of the political parties.

Pankratz at 20:05, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T20:05:35Z

DaZM at 15:58, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T15:58:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 4 January 2023
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	[[William III]] (William of Orange) and [[Mary II]] got ~~marries~~ in 1677. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 and reigned together for five years until Mary's death in 1694.		[[William III]] (William of Orange) and [[Mary II]] got married in 1677. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 and reigned together for five years until Mary's death in 1694.

DaZM at 15:50, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T15:50:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 4 January 2023
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	'''Important changes that took place during their reign'''		'''Important changes that took place during their reign'''

			'''Joint Rulers and Parliament'''

	One of the important changes affected the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament. From 1688, it was a rule to summoned Parliament each year. One of the reason for that was the monarch’s dependence on tax revenues. The wars required a lot of money, which could be ensured by annual sessions of Parliament given that Parliament could not only impose new taxes, but also decide how to spend them. Therefore without the held of the Parliament the tax system would have had a lot of difficulties. The power of Parliament was also supported by the [[Triennial Act of 1694]].		One of the important changes affected the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament. From 1688, it was a rule to summoned Parliament each year. One of the reason for that was the monarch’s dependence on tax revenues. The wars required a lot of money, which could be ensured by annual sessions of Parliament given that Parliament could not only impose new taxes, but also decide how to spend them. Therefore without the held of the Parliament the tax system would have had a lot of difficulties. The power of Parliament was also supported by the [[Triennial Act of 1694]].
	Obviously, Parliament exploited its new power to the fullest extent. Firstly, from 1690 onwards, a Common Commission of Public Accounts controlled government expenses. Moreover, parliamentary guarantees decided on the government’s fiscal credit, which meant that they decided whether the monarchs could borrow money from the bank, which foundation in 1694 (in England and in 1695 in Scotland) was part of that process. Of course, not all the changes were accepted easily by William III. He tried to ban some of the decisions of Parliament until he was forced to accept them due to the lack of money.		Obviously, Parliament exploited its new power to the fullest extent. Firstly, from 1690 onwards, a Common Commission of Public Accounts controlled government expenses. Moreover, parliamentary guarantees decided on the government’s fiscal credit, which meant that they decided whether the monarchs could borrow money from the bank, which foundation in 1694 (in England and in 1695 in Scotland) was part of that process. Of course, not all the changes were accepted easily by William III. He tried to ban some of the decisions of Parliament until he was forced to accept them due to the lack of money.

			'''Joint Rulers and the Judiciary'''

	The monarch's power over the judiciary was diminished as well. In 1701 the [[Act of Settlement]] was passed, its official name was the following: "Act for the further limitation of the Crown, and better securing the fights and liberties of the subject " (Smith (1998:315)). That Act not just excluded all Catholic heirs from ascending the throne, which meant that only Protestants could claim for the position of the ruler of the country, it also restricted the power of the monarchs. This Act entered into force after the Queen Anne died.		The monarch's power over the judiciary was diminished as well. In 1701 the [[Act of Settlement]] was passed, its official name was the following: "Act for the further limitation of the Crown, and better securing the fights and liberties of the subject " (Smith (1998:315)). That Act not just excluded all Catholic heirs from ascending the throne, which meant that only Protestants could claim for the position of the ruler of the country, it also restricted the power of the monarchs. This Act entered into force after the Queen Anne died.

			'''Cabinet government'''

	Another important change was the formation of [[Cabinet government]]. The reason for its creation was the constant absence of William III because of the wars and the necessity of his wife to reign alone, who needed help in the financial, diplomatic and military questions. Cabinet government usually consisted of 9-16 members and it established connection between Parliament and the monarchs. Mary II sought the help of Cabinet government until her death in 1694, after which Anne continued to use the Cabinet.		Another important change was the formation of [[Cabinet government]]. The reason for its creation was the constant absence of William III because of the wars and the necessity of his wife to reign alone, who needed help in the financial, diplomatic and military questions. Cabinet government usually consisted of 9-16 members and it established connection between Parliament and the monarchs. Mary II sought the help of Cabinet government until her death in 1694, after which Anne continued to use the Cabinet.

	Major transformation in political culture started taking place during their reign. It cannot be denied that parties existed before William III and Mary II reign, however their rapid growth happened during their government, or at least it started at that time. This can be seen on the fact, that such terms as ''Whig'' and ''Tory'' emerged, which mirrored the main political opposition.		'''Political culture'''

			Major transformation in political culture started taking place during their reign. It cannot be denied that parties existed before William III and Mary II reign, however their rapid growth happened during their government, or at least it started at that time. This can be seen on the fact, that such terms as ''Whig'' and ''Tory'' emerged, which mirrored the main political opposition in the country.
			The sessions of Parliament were longer in comparison to the years before, as well as the intervals between them were shorter, which encouraged the growth and development of the political parties.

DaZM at 13:11, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T13:11:37Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[William III]] (William of Orange) and his wife [[Mary II]] reigned together for five years. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 until Mary's death in 1694.
+[[William III]] (William of Orange) and [[Mary II]] got marries in 1677. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 and reigned together for five years until Mary's death in 1694.
@@ Line 5: / Line 18: @@
 * “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary
 * “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ‘Britroyals.com’, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3

DaZM at 11:51, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T11:51:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 4 January 2023
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	* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary		* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary
	* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ‘Britroyals.com’, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3		* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ‘Britroyals.com’, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3



	~~[[Category:Expansion]]~~

DaZM at 11:19, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T11:19:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 4 January 2023
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	* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary		* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary
	* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ‘Britroyals.com’, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3		* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ‘Britroyals.com’, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3



			[[Category:Expansion]]

Pankratz at 12:25, 21 December 2022

2022-12-21T12:25:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, 21 December 2022
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	[[William III]] (William of Orange) and his wife [[Mary II]] reigned together for 13 years. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 ~~till William’s~~ death in ~~1702 (1689-1702)~~.		[[William III]] (William of Orange) and his wife [[Mary II]] reigned together for five years. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 until Mary's death in 1694.

DaZM at 12:04, 21 December 2022

2022-12-21T12:04:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 21 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[William III]] (William of Orange) and his wife [[Mary II]] reigned together for 13 years. They became joint ~~king~~ and Queen in 1689 till William’s death in 1702 (1689-1702).		[[William III]] (William of Orange) and his wife [[Mary II]] reigned together for 13 years. They became joint King and Queen in 1689 till William’s death in 1702 (1689-1702).

DaZM: /* Sources */

2022-12-21T12:04:21Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 21 December 2022
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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary		* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ‘royal.uk’, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary
			* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ‘Britroyals.com’, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:05, 4 January 2023
Line 6:		Line 6:
	'''Joint Rulers and Parliament'''		'''Joint Rulers and Parliament'''

	One of the important changes affected the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament. From 1688, it was a rule to ~~summoned~~ Parliament each year. One of the reason for that was the monarch’s dependence on tax revenues. The wars required a lot of money, which could be ensured by annual sessions of Parliament given that Parliament could not only impose new taxes, but also decide how to spend them. Therefore without ~~the held of the~~ Parliament the tax system would have had a lot of difficulties. The power of Parliament was also supported by the [[Triennial Act of 1694]].		One of the important changes affected the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament. From 1688, it was a rule to summon Parliament each year [source? was it a "rule" or did it become a custom?]. One of the reason for that was the monarch’s dependence on tax revenues. The wars [which wars?] required a lot of money, which could be ensured by annual sessions of Parliament given that Parliament could not only impose new taxes, but also decide how to spend them. Therefore without Parliament the tax system would have had a lot of difficulties. The power of Parliament was also supported by the [[Triennial Act of 1694]].
	Obviously, Parliament exploited its new power to the fullest extent. Firstly, from 1690 onwards, a Common Commission of Public Accounts controlled government expenses. Moreover, parliamentary guarantees decided on the government’s fiscal credit, which meant that they decided whether the monarchs could borrow money from the ~~bank~~, ~~which~~ foundation in 1694 ~~(in England and in 1695 in Scotland)~~ was part of that process. Of course, not all the changes were accepted easily by William III. He tried to ban some of the decisions of Parliament until he was forced to accept them due to the lack of money.		Obviously, Parliament exploited its new power to the fullest extent. Firstly, from 1690 onwards, a Common Commission of Public Accounts controlled government expenses. Moreover, parliamentary guarantees decided on the government’s fiscal credit, which meant that they decided whether the monarchs could borrow money from the Bank of England, whose foundation in 1694 was part of that process. Of course, not all the changes were accepted easily by William III. He tried to ban some of the decisions of Parliament until he was forced to accept them due to the lack of money.

	'''Joint Rulers and the Judiciary'''		'''Joint Rulers and the Judiciary'''

	The monarch's power over the judiciary was diminished as well. In 1701 the [[Act of Settlement]] was passed, its official name was the following: "Act for the further limitation of the Crown, and better securing the fights and liberties of the subject " (Smith (1998:315)). That Act not just excluded all Catholic heirs from ascending the throne, which meant that only Protestants could claim for the position of the ruler of the country, it also restricted the power of the monarchs. This Act entered into force after ~~the~~ Queen Anne died.		The monarch's power over the judiciary was diminished as well. In 1701 the [[Act of Settlement]] was passed, its official name was the following: "Act for the further limitation of the Crown, and better securing the fights and liberties of the subject" (Smith 1998: 315). That Act not just excluded all Catholic heirs from ascending the throne, which meant that only Protestants could claim for the position of the ruler of the country, it also restricted the power of the monarchs [in which way?]. This Act entered into force after Queen Anne died.

	'''Cabinet government'''		'''Cabinet government'''

	Another important change was the formation of [[Cabinet government]]. The reason for its creation was the constant absence of William III because of the wars and the necessity of his wife to reign alone, who needed help in the financial, diplomatic and military questions. Cabinet government usually consisted of 9-16 members and it established connection between Parliament and the monarchs. Mary II sought the help of Cabinet government until her death in 1694, after which Anne continued to use the Cabinet.		Another important change was the formation of [[Cabinet government]]. The reason for its creation was the constant absence of William III because of the wars and the necessity of his wife to reign alone, who needed help in the financial, diplomatic and military questions. Cabinet government usually consisted of 9-16 members and it established a connection between Parliament and the monarchs [in which way? Cabinets and advisor have existed before]. Mary II sought the help of Cabinet government until her death in 1694, after which Anne [she came later, aftr William died] continued to use the Cabinet.

	'''Political culture'''		'''Political culture'''

	Major transformation in political culture started taking place during their reign. It cannot be denied that parties existed before William III and Mary II reign, however their rapid growth happened during their government, or at least it started at that time. This can be seen on the fact, that such terms as ''Whig'' and ''Tory'' emerged, which mirrored the main political ~~opposition~~ in the country.		Major transformation in political culture started taking place during their reign. It cannot be denied that parties existed before William III and Mary II reign, however their rapid growth happened during their government, or at least it started at that time. This can be seen by the fact, that such terms as ''Whig'' and ''Tory'' emerged [they did not; the terms emerged during the Exclusion Crisis], which mirrored the main political positions in the country.
	The sessions of Parliament were longer in comparison to the years before, as well as the intervals between them were shorter, which encouraged the growth and development of the political parties.		The sessions of Parliament were longer in comparison to the years before, as well as the intervals between them were shorter, which encouraged the growth and development of the political parties.

Line 25:		Line 25:

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ~~‘royal~~.~~uk’~~, https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary		* “William III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)”, ''royal.uk'', https://www.royal.uk/william-and-mary
	* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ~~‘Britroyals~~.~~com’~~, https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3		* “King William III and Queen Mary II (1689 - 1702)”, ''Britroyals.com'', https://britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3
	* Smith L., David. A History of the Modern British Isles 1603-1707. Blackwell, 1998.		* Smith L., David. ''A History of the Modern British Isles 1603-1707''. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
	* Cannon, John & Ralph Griffiths. The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.		* Cannon, John & Ralph Griffiths. ''The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.