Laurence Sterne - Revision history

Pankratz at 10:45, 20 December 2013

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	Sources:		Sources:

	Keymer, Tom (Ed.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.		Keymer, Tom (Ed.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Pankratz at 10:45, 20 December 2013

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	Laurence Sterne was born on 24 December 1713 in Clonmel, Ireland. At that time his father was stationed there due to his post as an army ensign. Sterne had many siblings and was the second of altogether seven children of Roger and Agnes Sterne.		Laurence Sterne was born on 24 December 1713 in Clonmel, Ireland. At that time his father was stationed there due to his post as an army ensign. Sterne had many siblings and was the second of altogether seven children of Roger and Agnes Sterne.
	Laurence Sterne studied at Jesus College, University of Cambridge. He later became a clergyman and ~~inherited~~ positions as vicar ~~and priest~~. Only later in his life, at the age of 46, he began to write (~~Compare~~ Pfister 12). Before he wrote novels, he engaged in political journalism by writing articles for the Pro-Walpole ''York Gazeteer'', which was published by his uncle Jacques Sterne who supported the Whigs. He is said to have done this in return for his ~~uncles’~~ favours and patronage regarding his church career. Jacques Sterne himself was a reverend and “a successful ecclesiastical lawyer” (Ross 6) and eased Laurence Sterne’s entrance into the Church of England. The anonymous writing for the ''York Gazeteer'' came to an end because his identity was revealed and his writing criticised. As a consequence he retreated from politics, which dissatisfied his uncle (~~compare~~ Ross 7). It is assumed that he engaged in political writing again during the Jacobite rebellion (1745-6) (Keymer xiii).
	Sterne was married to Elizabeth Sterne and together they had one surviving daughter, Lydia. The happiness of the marriage did not last until the end of Sterne’s life and he is said to have had many affairs with other women. Before his death he fell in love with Elizabeth Draper, with whom he exchanged various letters. Their correspondence was published under the title ''Journal to Eliza'' (~~Compare~~ Ross 17).		Laurence Sterne studied at Jesus College, University of Cambridge. He later became a clergyman and held positions as vicar. Only later in his life, at the age of 46, he began to write (Pfister 12). Before he wrote novels, he engaged in political journalism by writing articles for the Pro-Walpole ''York Gazeteer'', which was published by his uncle Jacques Sterne who supported the Whigs. He is said to have done this in return for his uncle's favours and patronage regarding his church career. Jacques Sterne himself was a reverend and “a successful ecclesiastical lawyer” (Ross 6) and eased Laurence Sterne’s entrance into the Church of England. The anonymous writing for the ''York Gazeteer'' came to an end because his identity was revealed and his writing criticised. As a consequence he retreated from politics, which dissatisfied his uncle (Ross 7). It is assumed that he engaged in political writing again during the [[Jacobite risings\|Jacobite rebellion]] (1745-6) (Keymer xiii).
	Laurence Sterne is mostly known for the novel ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'' (short title: ''Tristram Shandy''), which was published ~~in series~~ over the course of eight years (1759-67). It ~~altogether~~ encompasses nine volumes. The novel is known and appreciated for its combination “of a laudable morality with whimsical bawdy” (Ross 12). But it was also this bawdiness which shocked many of his contemporaries, especially when they discovered that the author was a clergyman.
	Only three weeks before his death ''A ~~sentimental~~ Journey through France and Italy'' (short title: ''A Sentimental Journey'') was published. In this work, Sterne included impressions from his own travels to the South of Europe. After his death, this work became even more famous than Tristram Shandy (~~Compare~~ Ross 18).		Sterne was married to Elizabeth Sterne and together they had one surviving daughter, Lydia. The happiness of the marriage did not last until the end of Sterne’s life and he is said to have had many affairs with other women. Before his death he fell in love with Elizabeth Draper, with whom he exchanged various letters. Their correspondence was published under the title ''Journal to Eliza'' (Ross 17).
	Sterne’s works are said to have many autobiographic features. By some of his contemporaries he was even regarded as being ''Tristram'', ~~who is~~ the protagonist of ''Tristram Shandy'' (~~Compare~~ Ross 12). There were also parallels with another character of his fiction, Mr. Yorick, a clergyman as well. Furthermore, in his fiction there were many references to real people in Sterne’s life.
	Laurence Sterne was famous in Britain, but even more admired in other parts of Europe, ~~like~~ Germany. Goethe is said to have thought highly of him and “celebrated him as a ‘free soul’” (Pfister 3).		Laurence Sterne is mostly known for the novel ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'' (short title: ''Tristram Shandy''), which was published over the course of eight years (1759-1767). It encompasses nine volumes. The novel is known and appreciated for its combination “of a laudable morality with whimsical bawdy” (Ross 12). But it was also this bawdiness which shocked many of his contemporaries, especially when they discovered that the author was a clergyman.
	Since his youth, Sterne suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the reason for his early death on 18 March 1768 with only 55 years.
			Only three weeks before his death ''A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy'' (short title: ''A Sentimental Journey'') was published. In this work, Sterne included impressions from his own travels to the South of Europe. After his death, this work became even more famous than ''Tristram Shandy'' (Ross 18).

			Sterne’s works are said to have many autobiographic features. By some of his contemporaries he was even regarded as being Tristram, the protagonist of ''Tristram Shandy'' (Ross 12). There were also parallels with another character of his fiction, Mr. Yorick, a clergyman as well. Furthermore, in his fiction there were many references to real people in Sterne’s life.

			Laurence Sterne was famous in Britain, but even more admired in other parts of Europe, such as Germany. Goethe is said to have thought highly of him and “celebrated him as a ‘free soul’” (Pfister 3). Since his youth, Sterne suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the reason for his early death on 18 March 1768 with only 55 years.


	Sources:		Sources:
	Keymer, Tom (Ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009 ~~(Chronology)~~.		Keymer, Tom (Ed.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

	Pfister, Manfred: Laurence Sterne. Devon: Northcote House, 2001.		Pfister, Manfred: ''Laurence Sterne''. Devon: Northcote House, 2001.

	Ross, Ian Campbell: Laurence Sterne’s ~~life~~, ~~milieu~~, and ~~literary career~~. In: Keymer, Tom (Ed.): Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009~~. p~~. 5-20.		Ross, Ian Campbell: "Laurence Sterne’s Life, Milieu, and Literary Career". In: Keymer, Tom (Ed.): ''Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 5-20.

Joey at 18:38, 19 December 2013

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	1713-1768. Novelist and humorist		1713-1768. Novelist and humorist

	He is the author of the ~~novel~~ ''Tristram Shandy''.		Laurence Sterne was born on 24 December 1713 in Clonmel, Ireland. At that time his father was stationed there due to his post as an army ensign. Sterne had many siblings and was the second of altogether seven children of Roger and Agnes Sterne.
			Laurence Sterne studied at Jesus College, University of Cambridge. He later became a clergyman and inherited positions as vicar and priest. Only later in his life, at the age of 46, he began to write (Compare Pfister 12). Before he wrote novels, he engaged in political journalism by writing articles for the Pro-Walpole ''York Gazeteer'', which was published by his uncle Jacques Sterne who supported the Whigs. He is said to have done this in return for his uncles’ favours and patronage regarding his church career. Jacques Sterne himself was a reverend and “a successful ecclesiastical lawyer” (Ross 6) and eased Laurence Sterne’s entrance into the Church of England. The anonymous writing for the ''York Gazeteer'' came to an end because his identity was revealed and his writing criticised. As a consequence he retreated from politics, which dissatisfied his uncle (compare Ross 7). It is assumed that he engaged in political writing again during the Jacobite rebellion (1745-6) (Keymer xiii).
			Sterne was married to Elizabeth Sterne and together they had one surviving daughter, Lydia. The happiness of the marriage did not last until the end of Sterne’s life and he is said to have had many affairs with other women. Before his death he fell in love with Elizabeth Draper, with whom he exchanged various letters. Their correspondence was published under the title ''Journal to Eliza'' (Compare Ross 17).
			Laurence Sterne is mostly known for the novel ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'' (short title: ''Tristram Shandy''), which was published in series over the course of eight years (1759-67). It altogether encompasses nine volumes. The novel is known and appreciated for its combination “of a laudable morality with whimsical bawdy” (Ross 12). But it was also this bawdiness which shocked many of his contemporaries, especially when they discovered that the author was a clergyman.
			Only three weeks before his death ''A sentimental Journey through France and Italy'' (short title: ''A Sentimental Journey'') was published. In this work, Sterne included impressions from his own travels to the South of Europe. After his death, this work became even more famous than Tristram Shandy (Compare Ross 18).
			Sterne’s works are said to have many autobiographic features. By some of his contemporaries he was even regarded as being ''Tristram'', who is the protagonist of ''Tristram Shandy'' (Compare Ross 12). There were also parallels with another character of his fiction, Mr. Yorick, a clergyman as well. Furthermore, in his fiction there were many references to real people in Sterne’s life.
			Laurence Sterne was famous in Britain, but even more admired in other parts of Europe, like Germany. Goethe is said to have thought highly of him and “celebrated him as a ‘free soul’” (Pfister 3).
			Since his youth, Sterne suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the reason for his early death on 18 March 1768 with only 55 years.


			Sources:
			Keymer, Tom (Ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009 (Chronology).

			Pfister, Manfred: Laurence Sterne. Devon: Northcote House, 2001.

			Ross, Ian Campbell: Laurence Sterne’s life, milieu, and literary career. In: Keymer, Tom (Ed.): Cambridge Companion to Laurence Sterne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. p. 5-20.

Pankratz at 18:33, 10 December 2013

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	1713-1768. Novelist and humorist		1713-1768. Novelist and humorist

	He is the author of the novel "Tristram Shandy".		He is the author of the novel ''Tristram Shandy''.

Joey at 21:04, 9 December 2013

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	1713-1768. Novelist and humorist		1713-1768. Novelist and humorist

	~~[[Category:Expansion]]~~		He is the author of the novel "Tristram Shandy".

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	Novelist and humorist ~~who lived from 1713 until 1768.~~		1713-1768. Novelist and humorist

			[[Category:Expansion]]


	~~== Childhood and Education ==~~
	~~Laurence Sterne was born on 24 November 1713 at Clonmel (Ireland) where his father served in the army.~~
	~~He was sent to school in Halifax, Yorkshire, at the age of ten and attended Jesus College, Cambridge, with a scholarship. Studied to become a Parson.~~


	~~== Marriage ==~~

	~~Laurence Sterne married Elizabeth Lumley in 1741. They lived an unhappy marriage with stillborn children but had one living child, Lydia.~~


	~~== Life and Literary Career ==~~

	~~He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.~~
	~~His major work is ''~~[[~~Tristram Shandy\|The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy~~]]'' though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed writing on his major work ''Tristram Shandy'' and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.
	~~In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.~~
	~~Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.~~
	~~In February 1768 his book ''A Sentimental Journey'' was published and he collapsed and died three weeks later in London on 18 March 1768.~~

	~~== Sources ==~~

	~~Sterne, Laurence. ''A Sentimental Journey'' , London: Penguin Books, 2005.~~

	~~http://www.tristramshandyweb.it/sezioni/sterne/biography/sorba_biography.htm (accessed on 30 November 2009)~~

	~~http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/565796/Laurence-Sterne# (accessed on 30 November 2009)~~

Pankratz at 12:12, 7 January 2010

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	He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.		He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.
	His major work is ''[[The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy]]'' though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed writing on his major work ''Tristram Shandy'' and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.		His major work is ''[[Tristram Shandy\|The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy]]'' though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed writing on his major work ''Tristram Shandy'' and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.
	In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.		In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.
	Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.		Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.

Pankratz at 12:12, 7 January 2010

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	He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.		He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.
	His major work is ''The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy'' though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed ~~working~~ on his major work and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.		His major work is ''[[The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy]]'' though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed writing on his major work ''Tristram Shandy'' and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.
	In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.		In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.
	Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.		Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.

Pankratz at 12:10, 7 January 2010

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	Novelist and humorist who lived from 1713 ~~till~~ 1768.		Novelist and humorist who lived from 1713 until 1768.


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	== Childhood and Education ==		== Childhood and Education ==
	Laurence Sterne was born on 24 November 1713 at Clonmel (Ireland) where his father served in the army.		Laurence Sterne was born on 24 November 1713 at Clonmel (Ireland) where his father served in the army.
	He was sent to school in Halifax, Yorkshire, at the age of ten and attended Jesus College, ~~Cambrige~~, with a scholarship. Studied to become a Parson.		He was sent to school in Halifax, Yorkshire, at the age of ten and attended Jesus College, Cambridge, with a scholarship. Studied to become a Parson.

Pankratz at 15:36, 30 November 2009

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	He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.		He wrote forty-five sermons, of which four volumes were published in his lifetime and three were published posthumously in 1769.
	His major work is ''The Life And Opinions Of [Tristram Shandy''] though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed working on his major work and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.		His major work is ''The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy'' though he started his literary career with ''A Political Romance'' in 1759. As a result of its controversial satirical content this book was suppressed causing a hard time for Laurence Sterne especially as both his mother and uncle had died and his wife had a nervous breakdown. Still Sterne managed working on his major work and published the first two volumes at his own expense. These made him a celebrity so he brought out further seven volumes between 1761 and 1767.
	In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.		In 1762 he went to France and his wife Elizabeth, who had recovered, followed him to settle permanently with him and their daughter Lydia.
	Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.		Still he returned to England where he had a love-affair with Eliza Draper.