Margaret Beaufort - Revision history

LiMaCo at 21:52, 2 December 2017

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	Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe (Jones & Underwood xviii).		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe (Jones & Underwood xviii).

	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry her(ibid. 25). They did so in 1455. Margaret was 12 at the time. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).		Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry her (ibid. 25). They did so in 1455. Margaret was 12 at the time. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

	Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.		Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

LiMaCo at 21:51, 2 December 2017

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	1443-1509. Countess of Richmond and Derby. House of Lancaster. Married four times, but most well-known as wife of [[Edmund Tudor]] and mother of [[Henry VII]].		1443-1509. Countess of Richmond and Derby. House of Lancaster. Married four times, but most well-known as wife of [[Edmund Tudor]] and mother of [[Henry VII]].

	Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe (Jones & Underwood xviii).

	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry her(~~Jones & Underwood~~ 25). They did so in 1455. Margaret was 12 at the time. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).		Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry her(ibid. 25). They did so in 1455. Margaret was 12 at the time. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

	Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.		Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

Pankratz at 07:23, 22 November 2017

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	Jansen, Sharon L. ''The Monstrous Regiment of Women. Female Rulers in Early Modern Europe''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.		Jansen, Sharon L. ''The Monstrous Regiment of Women. Female Rulers in Early Modern Europe''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

	~~Jonse~~, Michael K. & Underwood, Malcolm G. ''The King´s Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Coutness of Richmond and Derby''. Cambridge University Press, 1999.		Jones, Michael K. & Underwood, Malcolm G. ''The King´s Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Coutness of Richmond and Derby''. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Pankratz at 07:23, 22 November 2017

2017-11-22T07:23:08Z

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	Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.

			Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry her(Jones & Underwood 25). They did so in 1455. Margaret was 12 at the time. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).		Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

	Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation, before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

	In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret joined in the unsuccessful rebellion of [[Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham]], against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).		In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret joined in the unsuccessful rebellion of [[Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham]], against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).
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	After the failed rebellion Margaret tried to undermine Richard III by arranging a marriage between her son Henry and Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. Margaret cooperated with Edward's widow and was - actually and all in all - successful. Henry and Elizabeth married in 1486 (Jansen 30). Before that, however, another momentous event had to happen: In 1485, Henry defeated Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field and became King Henry VII. Thus Lady Margaret of Richmond and Derby became “the King´s mother” (Jones & Underwood).		After the failed rebellion Margaret tried to undermine Richard III by arranging a marriage between her son Henry and Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. Margaret cooperated with Edward's widow and was - actually and all in all - successful. Henry and Elizabeth married in 1486 (Jansen 30). Before that, however, another momentous event had to happen: In 1485, Henry defeated Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field and became King Henry VII. Thus Lady Margaret of Richmond and Derby became “the King´s mother” (Jones & Underwood).

	Margaret had a lot of influence in the King´s household as well as in the kingdom. In the household she had an influence on e.g. her grandchildren´s education and their marriages. With regard to the kingdom she ~~influenced and~~ advised her son, took care of foreign affairs (e.g. with France) and presided at the Royal Court. In addition she maintained her own household ~~(Collyweston)~~. Margaret lived independently at Collyweston, since she had been declared a femme sole by parliament. This meant that she could keep and administer all her belongings without her husband, but Lord Stanley was welcome to visit her (Jansen 33). Through the years of her son´s ~~kingships~~ the relationship between mother and son had always been a strong one. She had also been the right hand of the queen consort and used to travel everywhere with the couple (Jansen 31f).		Margaret had a lot of influence in the King´s household as well as in the kingdom. In the household she had an influence on e.g. her grandchildren´s education and their marriages. With regard to the kingdom she advised her son, took care of foreign affairs (e.g. with France) and presided at the Royal Court. In addition she maintained her own household. Margaret lived independently at Collyweston, since she had been declared a femme sole by parliament. This meant that she could keep and administer all her belongings without her husband, but Lord Stanley was welcome to visit her (Jansen 33). Through the years of her son´s kingship the relationship between mother and son had always been a strong one. She had also been the right hand of the queen consort and used to travel everywhere with the couple (Jansen 31f).

	After Henry VII´s death in 1509, Margaret was “the chief executor of his will” (ibid. 32). Therefore she arranged his funeral and her grandson Henry VIII's coronation, before she died in June 1509 (ibid; Jones & Underwood 251).		After Henry VII´s death in 1509, Margaret was “the chief executor of his will” (ibid. 32). Therefore she arranged his funeral and her grandson Henry VIII's coronation, before she died in June 1509 (ibid; Jones & Underwood 251).

WikiSysop: Reverted edits by WikiSysop (talk) to last revision by Pankratz

2017-11-21T20:55:28Z

Reverted edits by WikiSysop (talk) to last revision by Pankratz

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	Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.


	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).		Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

WikiSysop at 20:52, 21 November 2017

2017-11-21T20:52:55Z

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	Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.


	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).		Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

Pankratz at 17:24, 20 November 2017

2017-11-20T17:24:51Z

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	Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation, before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.		Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation, before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

	In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret ~~instigated~~ the unsuccessful rebellion of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).		In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret joined in the unsuccessful rebellion of [[Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham]], against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).

	After the failed rebellion Margaret tried to undermine Richard III by arranging a marriage between her son Henry and Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. Margaret cooperated with Edward's widow and was - actually and all in all - successful. Henry and Elizabeth married in 1486 (Jansen 30). Before that, however, another momentous event had to happen: In 1485, Henry defeated Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field and became King Henry VII. Thus Lady Margaret of Richmond and Derby became “the King´s mother” (Jones & Underwood).		After the failed rebellion Margaret tried to undermine Richard III by arranging a marriage between her son Henry and Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. Margaret cooperated with Edward's widow and was - actually and all in all - successful. Henry and Elizabeth married in 1486 (Jansen 30). Before that, however, another momentous event had to happen: In 1485, Henry defeated Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field and became King Henry VII. Thus Lady Margaret of Richmond and Derby became “the King´s mother” (Jones & Underwood).

Pankratz at 17:18, 20 November 2017

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	1443-1509. Countess of Richmond and Derby. House of Lancaster. Married four times, but most well-known as wife of Edmund Tudor and mother of [[Henry VII]].		1443-1509. Countess of Richmond and Derby. House of Lancaster. Married four times, but most well-known as wife of [[Edmund Tudor]] and mother of [[Henry VII]].

	Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.


	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund ~~Tudor~~ in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).		Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

	~~She~~ married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation, before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.		Margaret then married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation, before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

	In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret instigated the unsuccessful rebellion of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).		In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret instigated the unsuccessful rebellion of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).

Pankratz at 17:08, 20 November 2017

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	~~Lady Margaret Beaufort,~~ Countess of Richmond and Derby ~~(1443~~-~~1509)~~.		1443-1509. Countess of Richmond and Derby. House of Lancaster. Married four times, but most well-known as wife of Edmund Tudor and mother of [[Henry VII]].

	Margaret Beaufort ~~was~~ the ~~only child and consequently the only heiress~~ of ~~John Beaufort~~, ~~1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe. Margaret´s father~~ was ~~a grandson of King [[Edward III]] and~~ the ~~son~~ of [[John of Gaunt]], Duke of Lancaster, ~~therefore Margaret~~ was ~~a relative to~~ the ~~King~~ and ~~had [[House~~ of ~~Lancaster\|Lancastrian]] roots. Lady Margaret~~ Beaufort ~~was married four times in her life~~, ~~but is most mentioned with regard to her marriage with [[Edmund Tudor]]~~ and ~~being the mother~~ of ~~[[Henry VII]]~~.		Margaret Beaufort is associated with the House of Lancaster, because she was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, from her father's side. She was the only child and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe.

	Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25).
	Hence, Margaret was married to her second husband, Edmund Tudor, in 1455 at the age of 12. It is likely that the King wanted Edmund Tudor as his heir, in the right of Margaret, due to her Lancastrian roots (qtd. in Jansen 28) [name of author that is qtd. in Jansen?]. But the marriage did not last long, since Edmund already died in November 1456. He left behind his wife and his unborn son. Margaret´s only child, Henry VII was born on the 28th of January 1457 (ibid. 28f). From this point on Margaret´s main interest was to keep her son safe. In order to do so she took an active role in arranging her following marriages (Jones & Underwood 40).

	~~As Margaret wanted protection for herself and her son by Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham [source?], she married his second son Henry Stafford~~. ~~Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant dispensation, before~~ the marriage ~~could finally be contracted~~ in ~~1450 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the~~ [[~~House of York\|Yorkist~~]] ~~King~~, ~~[[Edward IV]]~~, ~~and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount~~ of ~~land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage~~ (~~Jansen 29;~~ Jones & Underwood 41). ~~Their marriage ended as Stafford died in 1471~~ in the ~~[[Battle~~ of ~~Barnet]], fighting for the Yorkists~~.		Margaret´s first husband was John de la Pole. But the marriage was annulled in 1453 by [[Henry VI]], so that his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was able to marry Margaret (Jones & Underwood 25). Margaret was married to Edmund Tudor in 1455 at the age of 12. Edmund died in November 1456 and left behind his pregnant wife. Their child Henry was born 28 January 1457 (ibid. 28f).

	~~In 1472~~ Margaret ~~married her fourth~~ and ~~last husband~~, ~~Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was~~ a ~~Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return~~ to ~~King Edward IV´s court. As Stanley´s wife~~, the ~~Lancastrian Margaret was involved~~ in ~~the Yorkist court~~, ~~despite her ancestry. Nevertheless it is her who is said~~ to ~~have initiated~~ the ~~rebellion of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham~~, ~~against~~ [[~~Richard III~~]]~~. But the rebellion failed~~ and ~~Richard III wanted to pass an Act of Attainder in [[Parliament\|parliament]] against her. He accused her~~ of ~~treason,~~ by ~~having sent messages to her son that aimed to overthrow the King by supporting the rebellion. Although her husband´s good~~ and ~~trustworthy services at Richard´s court saved her~~ from ~~the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings as well as Margaret herself were to be controlled by her husband~~ (~~Ross qtd~~. in ~~Jansen 29f)~~.		She married Henry Stafford, the son of the first Duke of Buckingham. Since Margaret and Henry were second cousins, a bishop had to grant a dispensation, before the marriage could finally be contracted in about 1459 (ibid. 40f). The marriage lasted for 14 years and turned out to be a good decision, since Stafford was reconciled to the Yorkist King, [[Edward IV]], and lived a prosperous life as they were given a great amount of land by Buckingham and could additionally profit from Margaret´s heritage (Jansen 29; Jones & Underwood 41). Their marriage ended when Stafford died in 1471 in The Battle of Barnet, fighting for the Yorkists.

	~~After the failed rebellion~~ Margaret ~~tried~~ to ~~defeat Richard III by arranging a marriage between~~ her ~~son and a daughter~~ of ~~Edward IV~~. So Margaret ~~and King Edward IV ´s widow arranged~~ the ~~marriage between their children and~~ Henry, ~~Earl~~ of ~~Richmond and~~ [[~~Elizabeth of York~~]] ~~married~~ in ~~1483 (~~Jansen 30).		In 1472 Margaret married Lord Thomas Stanley. Stanley was a Yorkist supporter and so Margaret could return to King Edward IV´s court, despite her being of Lancastrian origin. Supposedly Margaret instigated the unsuccessful rebellion of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, against [[Richard III]]. Richard III accused Margaret of treason. Although her husband´s services at Richard´s court saved her from the Act of Attainder, she was no longer allowed to communicate with her son and all her belongings and her person were under the control of her husband (Ross qtd. in Jansen 29f).

	In 1485, Henry defeated Richard III in the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]] and became King [[Henry VII]]. Thus Lady Margaret of Richmond and Derby became “the King´s mother” (Jones & Underwood ~~[page?]~~).		After the failed rebellion Margaret tried to undermine Richard III by arranging a marriage between her son Henry and Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. Margaret cooperated with Edward's widow and was - actually and all in all - successful. Henry and Elizabeth married in 1486 (Jansen 30). Before that, however, another momentous event had to happen: In 1485, Henry defeated Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field and became King Henry VII. Thus Lady Margaret of Richmond and Derby became “the King´s mother” (Jones & Underwood).

	Margaret had a lot of influence in the King´s household as well as in the kingdom. In the household she had an influence on e.g. her grandchildren´s education and their marriages. With regard to the kingdom she influenced and advised her son, took care of foreign affairs (e.g. with France) and presided in the Royal Court. In addition she maintained her own household (Collyweston). Margaret lived independently at Collyweston, since she had been declared a [[femme sole]] by parliament. This meant that she could keep and administer all her belongings without her husband, but Lord Stanley was ~~welcomed~~ to visit her (Jansen 33). Through the years of her son´s ~~kingship~~ the relationship between mother and son ~~was~~ a strong one. She ''had also been the right hand the queen consort~~'' [?]~~ and used to travel everywhere with the couple (Jansen 31f).		Margaret had a lot of influence in the King´s household as well as in the kingdom. In the household she had an influence on e.g. her grandchildren´s education and their marriages. With regard to the kingdom she influenced and advised her son, took care of foreign affairs (e.g. with France) and presided at the Royal Court. In addition she maintained her own household (Collyweston). Margaret lived independently at Collyweston, since she had been declared a femme sole by parliament. This meant that she could keep and administer all her belongings without her husband, but Lord Stanley was welcome to visit her (Jansen 33). Through the years of her son´s kingships the relationship between mother and son had always been a strong one. She had also been the right hand of the queen consort and used to travel everywhere with the couple (Jansen 31f).

	After ~~King~~ Henry VII´s death in 1509 Margaret was “the chief executor of his will” (ibid. 32). Therefore she arranged his funeral and her grandson [[Henry VIII]]'s coronation, before she ~~passed away~~ in June 1509 (ibid; Jones & Underwood 251).		After Henry VII´s death in 1509, Margaret was “the chief executor of his will” (ibid. 32). Therefore she arranged his funeral and her grandson Henry VIII's coronation, before she died in June 1509 (ibid; Jones & Underwood 251).

WikiSysop at 17:04, 12 November 2017

2017-11-12T17:04:03Z

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	Margaret had a lot of influence in the King´s household as well as in the kingdom. In the household she had an influence on e.g. her grandchildren´s education and their marriages. With regard to the kingdom she influenced and advised her son, took care of foreign affairs (e.g. with France) and presided in the Royal Court. In addition she maintained her own household (Collyweston). Margaret lived independently at Collyweston, since she had been declared a [[femme sole]] by parliament. This meant that she could keep and administer all her belongings without her husband, but Lord Stanley was welcomed to visit her (Jansen 33). Through the years of her son´s kingship the relationship between mother and son was a strong one. She ''had also been the right hand the queen consort'' [?] and used to travel everywhere with the couple (Jansen 31f).		Margaret had a lot of influence in the King´s household as well as in the kingdom. In the household she had an influence on e.g. her grandchildren´s education and their marriages. With regard to the kingdom she influenced and advised her son, took care of foreign affairs (e.g. with France) and presided in the Royal Court. In addition she maintained her own household (Collyweston). Margaret lived independently at Collyweston, since she had been declared a [[femme sole]] by parliament. This meant that she could keep and administer all her belongings without her husband, but Lord Stanley was welcomed to visit her (Jansen 33). Through the years of her son´s kingship the relationship between mother and son was a strong one. She ''had also been the right hand the queen consort'' [?] and used to travel everywhere with the couple (Jansen 31f).

	After King Henry VII´s death in 1509 Margaret was “the chief executor of his will” (ibid. 32). Therefore she arranged his funeral and her ~~grandson´s (~~[[Henry VIII]]) coronation, before she passed away in June 1509 (ibid; Jones & Underwood 251).		After King Henry VII´s death in 1509 Margaret was “the chief executor of his will” (ibid. 32). Therefore she arranged his funeral and her grandson [[Henry VIII]]'s coronation, before she passed away in June 1509 (ibid; Jones & Underwood 251).