Orientalism - Revision history

WikiSysop at 12:05, 23 December 2017

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	The Orient has been a subject in literature since antiquity; its literary discovery in Europe later on, however, was initiated by the first French publication of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' between 1704 and 1717. Although there was no serious edition in English or German until a hundred years later, French language and culture were very influential in the eighteenth century. Thus, the work stimulated the imagination of many writers and readers, although there still existed rather little factual knowledge about the Orient.		The Orient has been a subject in literature since antiquity; its literary discovery in Europe later on, however, was initiated by the first French publication of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' between 1704 and 1717. Although there was no serious edition in English or German until a hundred years later, French language and culture were very influential in the eighteenth century. Thus, the work stimulated the imagination of many writers and readers, although there still existed rather little factual knowledge about the Orient.

	In their works [[Montesquieu]] (among others: ''Lettres Persanes''; 1721), [[Kant]] (lectures 1772-96) and [[Voltaire]] (''Zadig, ou La destineé, Histoire Orientale''; 1747) use the Orient as a geographically as well as culturally far-off entity to critically review the situation in Europe and European ways of thinking. In England [[Samuel Johnson]] published his didactic novel ''Rasselas. The Prince of Abissinia'' (1759), similarly telling the story of a disillusioned protagonist in Kairo. Later, parallel to the popular development of the [[gothic novel]], authors like [[John Hawkesworth]] (''Almoran and Hamet'', 1761), [[James Ridley]] (''Tales of Genji'', 1764) and [[Frances Sheridan]] (''The History of Nourjahad'', 1767) wrote novels set in exotic locations, constituting the so-called Oriental novel. The gothic and Oriental themes meet in [[William Beckford]]’s ''Vathek. An Arabian Tale'' (1786).		In their works [[Montesquieu]] (among others: ''Lettres Persanes''; 1721), [[Immanuel Kant]] (lectures 1772-96) and [[Voltaire]] (''Zadig, ou La destineé, Histoire Orientale''; 1747) use the Orient as a geographically as well as culturally far-off entity to critically review the situation in Europe and European ways of thinking. In England [[Samuel Johnson]] published his didactic novel ''Rasselas. The Prince of Abissinia'' (1759), similarly telling the story of a disillusioned protagonist in Kairo. Later, parallel to the popular development of the [[gothic novel]], authors like [[John Hawkesworth]] (''Almoran and Hamet'', 1761), [[James Ridley]] (''Tales of Genji'', 1764) and [[Frances Sheridan]] (''The History of Nourjahad'', 1767) wrote novels set in exotic locations, constituting the so-called Oriental novel. The gothic and Oriental themes meet in [[William Beckford]]’s ''Vathek. An Arabian Tale'' (1786).

	While in England these kind of novels became increasingly popular, German thinkers and writers like [[Hamann]], [[Herder]], [[Schlegel]] and [[Hegel]] concerned themselves with theoretical aspects of the occupation with Oriental literary themes and the Oriental culture as such.		While in England these kind of novels became increasingly popular, German thinkers and writers like [[Hamann]], [[Herder]], [[Schlegel]] and [[Hegel]] concerned themselves with theoretical aspects of the occupation with Oriental literary themes and the Oriental culture as such.

WikiSysop at 12:01, 23 December 2017

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	In his book ''Orientalism'' (1978) [[Edward Said]] offers a post-structuralist approach suggesting that Orientalism or the Orient is a construct, a discourse. The Orient is defined by otherness, as opposed and in relation to the West, or the occident, defining it in return. The Orient might, for example, stand in for passion, femininity and mystery - as opposed to the West, which, by excluding these traits, constructs itself as logical/reasonable, masculine and familiar.		In his book ''Orientalism'' (1978) [[Edward Said]] offers a post-structuralist approach suggesting that Orientalism or the Orient is a construct, a discourse. The Orient is defined by otherness, as opposed and in relation to the West, or the occident, defining it in return. The Orient might, for example, stand in for passion, femininity and mystery - as opposed to the West, which, by excluding these traits, constructs itself as logical/reasonable, masculine and familiar.

	Influenced by the works of [[Foucault]] and [[Gramsci]], Said focuses on the period of [[imperialism]] pointing out that Orientalism, like knowledge, is always linked to power and that the West’s construction of the Orient is a sign of dominance over it.		Influenced by the works of [[Michel Foucault]] and [[Antonio Gramsci]], Said focuses on the period of [[imperialism]] pointing out that Orientalism, like knowledge, is always linked to power and that the West’s construction of the Orient is a sign of dominance over it.

	== The Beginnings of Orientalism ==		== The Beginnings of Orientalism ==

WikiSysop at 12:43, 2 November 2010

2010-11-02T12:43:29Z

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-The depiction or an image people have of Eastern cultures.
+) The representation of Eastern cultures, particularly as an 'other' to Western culture
-At the same time, '''Orientalism''' describes the imitation of aspects of 'the Orient' by Western writers, designers and artists.
+Orientalism is the European or Western practice of generating certain images of the "Orient" in thought and representation systems (literature, the arts, science). The so-called Orient (deriving from the Latin word "oriens" meaning "east") is supposed to be both a cultural and a geographical entity. However, it cannot be located exactly. Sometimes, it is taken to include anything east of Europe, practically all of Asia; sometimes it refers to the whole of Islamic countries.
-In the 19th century, scholars translated the writings of 'the Orient' into English. By doing this, they wanted to gain knowledge about the Eastern countries they were planning to conquer.
+Influenced by the works of [[Foucault]] and [[Gramsci]], Said focuses on the period of [[imperialism]] pointing out that Orientalism, like knowledge, is always linked to power and that the West’s construction of the Orient is a sign of dominance over it.
 == The Beginnings of Orientalism ==
+=== Literature ===
-The Orient has been a subject in literature since antiquity, its literary discovery in Europe later on, however, was initiated by the first French publication of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' between 1704 and 1717. Although there was no other serious edition in English or German until a hundred years later, French language and culture were very influential in the eighteenth century. Thus, the work stimulated the imagination of many writers and readers, although there still existed rather little factual knowledge about the Orient.
+The Orient has been a subject in literature since antiquity; its literary discovery in Europe later on, however, was initiated by the first French publication of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' between 1704 and 1717. Although there was no serious edition in English or German until a hundred years later, French language and culture were very influential in the eighteenth century. Thus, the work stimulated the imagination of many writers and readers, although there still existed rather little factual knowledge about the Orient.
 In their works [[Montesquieu]] (among others: ''Lettres Persanes''; 1721), [[Kant]] (lectures 1772-96) and [[Voltaire]] (''Zadig, ou La destineé, Histoire Orientale''; 1747) use the Orient as a geographically as well as culturally far-off entity to critically review the situation in Europe and European ways of thinking. In England [[Samuel Johnson]] published his didactic novel ''Rasselas. The Prince of Abissinia'' (1759), similarly telling the story of a disillusioned protagonist in Kairo. Later, parallel to the popular development of the [[gothic novel]], authors like [[John Hawkesworth]] (''Almoran and Hamet'', 1761), [[James Ridley]] (''Tales of Genji'', 1764) and [[Frances Sheridan]] (''The History of Nourjahad'', 1767) wrote novels set in exotic locations, constituting the so-called Oriental novel. The gothic and Oriental themes meet in [[William Beckford]]’s ''Vathek. An Arabian Tale'' (1786).
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 While in England these kind of novels became increasingly popular, German thinkers and writers like [[Hamann]], [[Herder]], [[Schlegel]] and [[Hegel]] concerned themselves with theoretical aspects of the occupation with Oriental literary themes and the Oriental culture as such.
-After 1800 the Orient had been turned into an object of a [[romantic]] craving. Rebellious heroes who disdained society’s morals travelling the Orient became fashionable. Writers and poets like [[George Gordon Noël (Lord) Byron]], [[John Keats]], [[Thomas Moore]] and [[Sir Walter Scott]] all sent their protagonists on journeys through the Orient. In addition to this, writers went out to travel to Oriental locations themselves for educational purposes or pilgrimage, thus, invigorating Orientalist literature and art even more.
+== Sources ==
-http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html
+*Said, Edward W. ''Orientalism''. 25th anniversary ed. with a new preface (1st ed. 1978). New York: Vintage Books, 2003.

Pankratz at 17:44, 22 January 2010

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	'''Literature'''		'''Literature'''

	The Orient has been a subject in literature since antiquity, its literary discovery in Europe later on, however, was initiated by the first French publication of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' ~~about~~ 1704-1717. Although there was no other serious edition in English or German until a hundred years later, French language and culture were very influential in the eighteenth century. Thus, the work stimulated the imagination of many writers and readers, although there still existed rather little ~~factitive knowlegde~~ about the Orient.		The Orient has been a subject in literature since antiquity, its literary discovery in Europe later on, however, was initiated by the first French publication of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' between 1704 and 1717. Although there was no other serious edition in English or German until a hundred years later, French language and culture were very influential in the eighteenth century. Thus, the work stimulated the imagination of many writers and readers, although there still existed rather little factual knowledge about the Orient.

	In their works [[Montesquieu]] (among others: ''Lettres Persanes''; 1721), [[Kant]] (lectures 1772-96) and [[Voltaire]] (''Zadig, ou La destineé, Histoire Orientale''; 1747) use the Orient as a geographically as well as culturally far-off entity to critically review the situation in Europe and European ways of thinking. In England [[Samuel Johnson]] published his didactic novel ''The Prince of Abissinia'' (1759), similarly telling the story of a disillusioned protagonist in Kairo. Later, parallel to the popular development of the [[gothic novel]], authors like [[John Hawkesworth]] (''Almoran and Hamet'', 1761), [[James Ridley]] (''Tales of Genji'', 1764) and [[Frances Sheridan]] (''The History of Nourjahad'', 1767) wrote novels set in exotic locations, constituting the so-called Oriental novel. The gothic and Oriental themes meet in [[William Beckford]]’s ''Vathek. An Arabian Tale'' (1786).		In their works [[Montesquieu]] (among others: ''Lettres Persanes''; 1721), [[Kant]] (lectures 1772-96) and [[Voltaire]] (''Zadig, ou La destineé, Histoire Orientale''; 1747) use the Orient as a geographically as well as culturally far-off entity to critically review the situation in Europe and European ways of thinking. In England [[Samuel Johnson]] published his didactic novel ''Rasselas. The Prince of Abissinia'' (1759), similarly telling the story of a disillusioned protagonist in Kairo. Later, parallel to the popular development of the [[gothic novel]], authors like [[John Hawkesworth]] (''Almoran and Hamet'', 1761), [[James Ridley]] (''Tales of Genji'', 1764) and [[Frances Sheridan]] (''The History of Nourjahad'', 1767) wrote novels set in exotic locations, constituting the so-called Oriental novel. The gothic and Oriental themes meet in [[William Beckford]]’s ''Vathek. An Arabian Tale'' (1786).

	While in England these kind of novels became increasingly popular, German thinkers and writers like [[Hamann]], [[Herder]], [[Schlegel]] and [[Hegel]] concerned themselves with theoretical aspects of the occupation with Oriental literary themes and the Oriental culture as such.		While in England these kind of novels became increasingly popular, German thinkers and writers like [[Hamann]], [[Herder]], [[Schlegel]] and [[Hegel]] concerned themselves with theoretical aspects of the occupation with Oriental literary themes and the Oriental culture as such.
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	Said, Edward W. ''Orientalism''. 25th anniversary ed. with a new preface (1st ed. 1978). New York: Vintage Books, 2003.		Said, Edward W. ''Orientalism''. 25th anniversary ed. with a new preface (1st ed. 1978). New York: Vintage Books, 2003.

	Syndram, Karl Ulrich. “Der erfundene Orient in der europäischen Literatur vom 18. bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts.“ E''~~uropa~~ und der Orient 800-1900.'' Ed. Gereon Sievernich and Hendrik Budde. Gütersloh/München: Bertelsmann, 1989. 324-341.		Syndram, Karl Ulrich. “Der erfundene Orient in der europäischen Literatur vom 18. bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts.“ ''Europa und der Orient 800-1900.'' Ed. Gereon Sievernich and Hendrik Budde. Gütersloh/München: Bertelsmann, 1989. 324-341.

	http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html		http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html

	~~[[Category:Expansion]]~~

Pearldiver at 02:53, 22 January 2010

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 In the 19th century, scholars translated the writings of 'the Orient' into English. By doing this, they wanted to gain knowledge about the Eastern countries they were planning to conquer.
-''Source''
 http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html
 [[Category:Expansion]]

Pankratz at 18:31, 15 January 2010

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	In the 19th century, scholars translated the writings of 'the Orient' into English. By doing this, they wanted to gain knowledge about the Eastern countries they were planning to conquer.		In the 19th century, scholars translated the writings of 'the Orient' into English. By doing this, they wanted to gain knowledge about the Eastern countries they were planning to conquer.


	~~**WORK IN PROGRESS**~~

	~~So? progress!~~













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	http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html		http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html

			[[Category:Expansion]]

Pankratz at 19:04, 15 December 2009

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	**WORK IN PROGRESS**		**WORK IN PROGRESS**

			So? progress!

Pearldiver at 18:51, 15 December 2009

2009-12-15T18:51:26Z

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		**WORK IN PROGRESS**

Pankratz at 18:48, 15 December 2009

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	~~'''Orientalism''' is a~~ depiction or an image people have of Eastern cultures.		The depiction or an image people have of Eastern cultures.

	At the same time, '''Orientalism''' describes the imitation of aspects of 'the Orient' by Western writers, designers and artists.		At the same time, '''Orientalism''' describes the imitation of aspects of 'the Orient' by Western writers, designers and artists.

Serpil: Created page with ''''Orientalism''' is a depiction or an image people have of Eastern cultures. At the same time, '''Orientalism''' describes the imitation of aspects of 'the Orient' by Western …'

2009-12-15T18:27:29Z

Created page with ''''Orientalism''' is a depiction or an image people have of Eastern cultures. At the same time, '''Orientalism''' describes the imitation of aspects of 'the Orient' by Western …'

New page

'''Orientalism''' is a depiction or an image people have of Eastern cultures.

At the same time, '''Orientalism''' describes the imitation of aspects of 'the Orient' by Western writers, designers and artists.

In the 19th century, scholars translated the writings of 'the Orient' into English. By doing this, they wanted to gain knowledge about the Eastern countries they were planning to conquer.

''Source''

http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html