Richard Cromwell - Revision history

Pankratz at 09:45, 18 October 2018

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	He was the third son of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier. During the [[Civil War]], he fought in the parliamentary army, but remained mostly in the background. He married Dorothy~~, the daughter of Richard~~ Mayor, in 1649 and had nine children with her of whom five died shortly after birth. When his father became Lord Protector in 1653, he was elected to the [[House of Commons]] and served as Justice of the Peace, but again did not play an important role in politics. Overall, he did not show his father's ability or interests for politics and rather spent his time doing sports and hunting. It was only in 1657, when Oliver had the power to choose his own successor that he began to make his son more and more publicly known.		Richard was the third son of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier. During the [[Civil War]], he fought in the parliamentary army, but remained mostly in the background. He married Dorothy Mayor in 1649 and had nine children with her of whom five died shortly after birth. When his father became Lord Protector in 1653, he was elected to the [[House of Commons]] and served as Justice of the Peace, but again did not play an important role in politics. Overall, he did not show his father's ability or interests for politics and rather spent his time doing sports and hunting. It was only in 1657, when Oliver had the power to choose his own successor that he began to make his son more and more publicly known.

	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was declared Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining trust, when he e.g. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.		Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was declared Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining trust, when he e.g. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.

	On April 21, 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken over power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have led to a possible power vacuum, so shortly afterwards, [[Charles II]] was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.		On April 21 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken over power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have led to a possible power vacuum, so shortly afterwards, [[Charles II]] was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.

WikiSysop at 10:53, 2 July 2013

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	* Cavendish, Richard. "Richard Cromwell Resigns as Lord Protector." ''History Today'' 59.5 (2009): 12.		* Cavendish, Richard. "Richard Cromwell Resigns as Lord Protector." ''History Today'' 59.5 (2009): 12.

	* Coward, Barry. ''The Cromwellian Protectorate''. Manchester~~, UK~~: Manchester UP, 2002.		* Coward, Barry. ''The Cromwellian Protectorate''. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2002.

	* McMains, H. F. ''The Death of Oliver Cromwell''. Lexington~~, KY~~: University of Kentucky, 2000.		* McMains, H. F. ''The Death of Oliver Cromwell''. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 2000.

	* Morrill, John S. "Richard Cromwell." ''Britannica Online Encyclopedia''. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 30 June 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143866/Richard-Cromwell>.		* Morrill, John S. "Richard Cromwell." ''Britannica Online Encyclopedia''. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 30 June 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143866/Richard-Cromwell>.

	* Plant, David. "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712." ''British-civil-wars.co.uk''. 22 Mar. 2007. Web. 30 June 2013. <http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/richard-cromwell.htm>		* Plant, David. "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712." ''British-civil-wars.co.uk''. 22 Mar. 2007. Web. 30 June 2013. <http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/richard-cromwell.htm>

Pankratz at 15:55, 1 July 2013

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	He was the third son of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier. During the [[Civil War]], he fought in the parliamentary army, but remained mostly in the background. He married Dorothy, the daughter of Richard Mayor, in 1649 and had nine children with her of whom five died shortly after birth. When his father became Lord Protector in 1653, he was elected to the [[House of Commons]] and served as Justice of the Peace, but again did not play an important role in politics. Overall, he did not show his father's ability or interests for politics and rather spent his time doing sports and hunting. It was only in 1657, when Oliver had the power to choose his own successor that he began to make his son more and more publicly known.		He was the third son of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier. During the [[Civil War]], he fought in the parliamentary army, but remained mostly in the background. He married Dorothy, the daughter of Richard Mayor, in 1649 and had nine children with her of whom five died shortly after birth. When his father became Lord Protector in 1653, he was elected to the [[House of Commons]] and served as Justice of the Peace, but again did not play an important role in politics. Overall, he did not show his father's ability or interests for politics and rather spent his time doing sports and hunting. It was only in 1657, when Oliver had the power to choose his own successor that he began to make his son more and more publicly known.

	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was ~~nominated~~ Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining ~~his men's~~ trust, when he e.e. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.		Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was declared Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining trust, when he e.g. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.

	On April 21, 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have led to a possible 'power vacuum~~' in the population~~, ~~with no one to lead the country. So~~ shortly ~~after~~, Charles II was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.		On April 21, 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken over power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have led to a possible power vacuum, so shortly afterwards, [[Charles II]] was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.

Valeria: typo

2013-06-30T21:56:10Z

typo

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	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining his men's trust, when he e.e. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.		Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining his men's trust, when he e.e. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.

	On April 21, 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have ~~lead~~ to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, Charles II was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.		On April 21, 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have led to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, Charles II was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.

Valeria at 21:51, 30 June 2013

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	4 ~~Oktober~~ 1626-12 July 1712. Son of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his father's footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only held this position until 1659.		4 October 1626-12 July 1712. Son of [[Lord Protector]] [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his father's footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only held this position until 1659.

	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" after his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] was [[Restoration\|restored]] to the throne.

			He was the third son of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier. During the [[Civil War]], he fought in the parliamentary army, but remained mostly in the background. He married Dorothy, the daughter of Richard Mayor, in 1649 and had nine children with her of whom five died shortly after birth. When his father became Lord Protector in 1653, he was elected to the [[House of Commons]] and served as Justice of the Peace, but again did not play an important role in politics. Overall, he did not show his father's ability or interests for politics and rather spent his time doing sports and hunting. It was only in 1657, when Oliver had the power to choose his own successor that he began to make his son more and more publicly known.

			Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated Lord Protector after his father died on 3 September 1658. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He also did not succeed in gaining his men's trust, when he e.e. took charge of the army himself and thus offended his officers who wanted a more experienced man to lead the army. In addition, the Protectorate was deeply indebted and unpopular among its people, with a struggle for power forming between Parliament and the army.

			On April 21, 1659, Richard was forced to dissolve Parliament after the army had taken power. Though he remained Lord Protector in name, the army was in power now and Richard was sent to Whitehall Palace where he lived under house arrest. Meanwhile, the officers recalled the [[Rump Parliament]]. On 7 May 1659, parliament voted for the abolishment of the Protectorate and on 25 May, Richard abdicated. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, Charles II was restored to the throne. Shortly after, Richard went into exile, leaving his wife and children behind, but returned to England 20 years later, where he lived until he died in 1712.


	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	~~http~~:~~//www~~.~~british-civil-wars~~.co.~~uk/biog/richard-cromwell~~.~~htm~~		* Cavendish, Richard. "Richard Cromwell Resigns as Lord Protector." ''History Today'' 59.5 (2009): 12.

			* Coward, Barry. ''The Cromwellian Protectorate''. Manchester, UK: Manchester UP, 2002.

	~~http://www~~.~~britannia~~.~~com/history/monarchs/mon48a~~.~~html~~		* McMains, H. F. ''The Death of Oliver Cromwell''. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, 2000.

	http://www.~~1911encyclopedia~~.~~org~~/~~Richard_Cromwell~~		* Morrill, John S. "Richard Cromwell." ''Britannica Online Encyclopedia''. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 30 June 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143866/Richard-Cromwell>.

	~~[[Category~~:~~Expansion]]~~		* Plant, David. "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712." ''British-civil-wars.co.uk''. 22 Mar. 2007. Web. 30 June 2013. <http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/richard-cromwell.htm>

Pankratz at 16:05, 19 April 2013

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	http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Richard_Cromwell		http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Richard_Cromwell

	[[Category:~~Extension~~]]		[[Category:Expansion]]

Pankratz at 16:04, 19 April 2013

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	http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Richard_Cromwell		http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Richard_Cromwell

			[[Category:Extension]]

Pankratz at 14:30, 4 November 2011

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	4 Oktober 1626-12 July 1712. Son of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his father's footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only held this position until 1659.		4 Oktober 1626-12 July 1712. Son of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his father's footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only held this position until 1659.

	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" after his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] ~~became the monarch of England. (~~[[Restoration]])		Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" after his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] was [[Restoration\|restored]] to the throne.

Pankratz at 18:53, 23 November 2010

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	~~== Richard Cromwell ==~~		4 Oktober 1626-12 July 1712. Son of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his father's footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only held this position until 1659.


	* 4. Oktober 1626 - † 12. ~~Juli 1712, was the son~~ of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his ~~fathers~~ footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only ~~hold~~ this position until 1659.

	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" after his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] became the monarch of England. ([[Restoration]])		Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" after his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] became the monarch of England. ([[Restoration]])

Pankratz at 17:01, 15 December 2009

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	== Richard Cromwell ==		== Richard Cromwell ==


	~~Richard Cromwell, (~~* 4. Oktober 1626 - † 12. Juli 1712) was the son of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his fathers footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only hold this position until ~~1569~~.		* 4. Oktober 1626 - † 12. Juli 1712, was the son of "Lord Protector" [[Oliver Cromwell]]. He followed in his fathers footsteps as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1658, but only hold this position until 1659.

	Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" ~~ater~~ his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with ~~noone~~ to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] became the monarch of England. ([[Restoration]])		Since his two older brothers had died early, Richard was nominated "Lord Protector" after his father's death. However, he lacked the experience and the will to maintain this position. He dropped his office and went into exile. This might have lead to a possible 'power vacuum' in the population, with no one to lead the country. So shortly after, [[Charles II]] became the monarch of England. ([[Restoration]])