Samuel Richardson - Revision history

WikiSysop: /* Sources */

2019-06-19T10:04:02Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 19 June 2019
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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	* http://www.nndb.com/people/703/000104391/		* "Samuel Richardson." ''Notable Names Database'', Soylent Communications, http://www.nndb.com/people/703/000104391/.
	* http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3772		* http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3772
	* http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404705452.html		* http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404705452.html

Pankratz at 12:23, 22 January 2014

2014-01-22T12:23:46Z

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	1689-1761. English writer. Famous for the epistolary novels ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.		1689-1761. English writer. Famous for the epistolary novels ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''[[Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady]]'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.

	== Early life and beginnings ==		== Early life and beginnings ==

Pankratz at 12:23, 22 January 2014

2014-01-22T12:23:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 22 January 2014
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	Richardson was born in Derbyshire, into a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a painter and draughtsman of that time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them, and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.		Richardson was born in Derbyshire, into a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a painter and draughtsman of that time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them, and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.
	In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press grew in prestige he became an intellectual respected by many others, like the painter [[William Hogarth]], the actors [[Colley Cibber]] and [[David Garrick]], Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the [[House of Commons]], whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.		In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press grew in prestige he became an intellectual respected by many others, like the painter [[William Hogarth]], the actors [[Colley Cibber]] and [[David Garrick]], Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the [[House of Commons]], whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.

	~~== His main works ==~~
	~~=== ''Pamela'' ===~~
	In 1740 he published [[Pamela\|''Pamela or Virtue Rewarded'']], a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex, although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.

	~~=== ''Clarissa'' ===~~
	In 1744 Richardson wrote the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe, when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace, a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and becomes a destitute child of heaven, although it could be read in several ways. In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over ''Pamela''. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.

	~~=== ''Sir Charles Grandison'' ===~~
	In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753), Richardson provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and is led to a dilemma that he has to solve: a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.

	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==
	Richardson was a committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring according to several critics. Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name [[Daniel Defoe\|Defoe]]'s ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' or [[Aphra Behn]]'s [[Oroonoko:_or,_the_Royal_Slave\|''Oronooko'']]). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term ''novel'', it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.		Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name [[Daniel Defoe\|Defoe]]'s ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' or [[Aphra Behn]]'s [[Oroonoko:_or,_the_Royal_Slave\|''Oronooko'']]). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term ''novel'', it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Pankratz at 12:21, 22 January 2014

2014-01-22T12:21:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:21, 22 January 2014
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	1689-1761. English writer. ~~Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in~~ the epistolary ~~form:~~ ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.		1689-1761. English writer. Famous for the epistolary novels ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.

	== Early life and beginnings ==		== Early life and beginnings ==
	Richardson was born in Derbyshire, in a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a ~~great~~ painter and draughtsman of that time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them, and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.		Richardson was born in Derbyshire, into a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a painter and draughtsman of that time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them, and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.
	In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press grew in prestige he became an intellectual respected by many others, like the painter [[William Hogarth]], the actors [[Colley Cibber]] and [[David Garrick]], Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the [[House of Commons]], whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.		In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press grew in prestige he became an intellectual respected by many others, like the painter [[William Hogarth]], the actors [[Colley Cibber]] and [[David Garrick]], Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the [[House of Commons]], whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.

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	* http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3772		* http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3772
	* http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404705452.html		* http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404705452.html


	~~An article by Jonathan Villar~~

Pankratz at 14:44, 2 December 2010

2010-12-02T14:44:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 2 December 2010
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	1689 - 1761. ~~18th-century~~ English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.		1689-1761. English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.

	== Early life and beginnings ==		== Early life and beginnings ==

WikiSysop at 00:04, 21 December 2009

2009-12-21T00:04:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 21 December 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	1689-1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela, or ~~virtue rewarded~~]]'' (1740) , ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other less known passion.		1689 - 1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela\|Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature, he also spent some time painting, which was his other, less known passion.

	~~EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS~~		== Early life and beginnings ==
			Richardson was born in Derbyshire, in a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a great painter and draughtsman of that time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them, and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.
			In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press grew in prestige he became an intellectual respected by many others, like the painter [[William Hogarth]], the actors [[Colley Cibber]] and [[David Garrick]], Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the [[House of Commons]], whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.

	~~Richardson was born in Derbyshire~~, in a ~~family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity~~ to ~~develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice~~ of ~~John Wilde, a great painter~~ and ~~draughtsman of that time~~. ~~A family of painters called~~ the ~~Leakes took great sympathy for them~~ , ~~and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.~~		== His main works ==
	~~In his professional life~~ Richardson was ~~committed to~~ his ~~work and this gave him great success, since~~ his ~~works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication~~. As his ~~printing press grew~~ in ~~prestige he became a respected intellectual by many others like the painter William Hogarth, the actors Colley Cibber and David Garrick, Edward Young,~~ and ~~Arthur Onslow, speaker of~~ the ~~house~~ of ~~Commons~~, ~~whose influence~~ in ~~1733 helped~~ to ~~secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included~~ the ~~journals~~ of ~~the House~~.		=== ''Pamela'' ===
			In 1740 he published [[Pamela\|''Pamela or Virtue Rewarded'']], a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex, although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.

	~~HIS MAIN WORKS~~		=== ''Clarissa'' ===
			In 1744 Richardson wrote the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe, when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace, a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and becomes a destitute child of heaven, although it could be read in several ways. In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over ''Pamela''. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.

	In ~~1739 he published~~ ''~~[[Pamela]] or Virtue Rewarded~~'', a ~~story about~~ a ~~young woman who~~ has to ~~face~~ the ~~reality~~ of the ~~patriarchal world~~ and ~~overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular~~, ~~Richardson was criticized by those who thought~~ his ~~heroine~~ a ~~calculating minx or his own morality dubious~~. ~~Actually his heroine~~ is ~~an imagined blend~~ of ~~the artful in some instances~~ and ~~the artless in some others~~. ~~She~~ is a ~~perplexed girl~~ of ~~15, with a divided mind,~~ who ~~faces a real dilemma because she wants~~ to ~~preserve her virtue without losing~~ the ~~man with whom she has fallen in love. The point~~ of ~~discussion would be to consider first what is~~ the ~~notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex, although social class was a good reason to be virtuous~~.		=== ''Sir Charles Grandison'' ===
			In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753), Richardson provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and is led to a dilemma that he has to solve: a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.

			== Legacy ==
			Richardson was a committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring according to several critics. Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name [[Daniel Defoe\|Defoe]]'s ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' or [[Aphra Behn]]'s [[Oroonoko:_or,_the_Royal_Slave\|''Oronooko'']]). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term ''novel'', it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.

	In 1844 he writes the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe, when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and becomes a destitute child of heaven, although it could be read in several ways. In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over ''Pamela''. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.		== Sources ==
			* http://www.nndb.com/people/703/000104391/
			* http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3772
			* http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404705452.html
	In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753), he provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and leads him to a dilemma that he has to solve: a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.

	~~LEGACY~~

	Richardson was an committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring according to several critics.
	Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name Defoe's ''Robinson Crusoe'' or Aphra Behn's ''Oroonoko''). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term novel, it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.



	~~links:~~

	http://www.nndb.com/people/703/000104391/
	http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3772
	http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404705452.html



	An article by Jonathan Villar		An article by Jonathan Villar

Pankratz at 08:42, 17 December 2009

2009-12-17T08:42:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 17 December 2009
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	1689-1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela, or virtue rewarded]]''(1740) , ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other less known passion.		1689-1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela, or virtue rewarded]]'' (1740) , ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other less known passion.

	EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS		EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS
Line 8:		Line 8:
	HIS MAIN WORKS		HIS MAIN WORKS

	In 1739 he published ''[[Pamela]] or Virtue Rewarded'', a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex ,although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.		In 1739 he published ''[[Pamela]] or Virtue Rewarded'', a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex, although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.

Jonathanvillar at 20:20, 16 December 2009

2009-12-16T20:20:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 16 December 2009
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	In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (~~published when??~~), he provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and leads him to a dilemma that he has to solve: a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.		In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753), he provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and leads him to a dilemma that he has to solve: a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.

	LEGACY		LEGACY

Jonathanvillar at 20:19, 16 December 2009

2009-12-16T20:19:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 16 December 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	1689-1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela, or virtue rewarded]]''(1740) , ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (~~year??~~). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other passion.		1689-1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela, or virtue rewarded]]''(1740) , ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (1753). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other less known passion.

	EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS		EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS

	Richardson was born in Derbyshire, ~~into~~ a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a great painter and draughtsman of ~~this~~ time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them , and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.		Richardson was born in Derbyshire, in a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a great painter and draughtsman of that time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them , and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.
	In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press ~~became more prestigious~~ he became a respected intellectual by many others like the painter William Hogarth, the actors Colley Cibber and David Garrick, Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the house of Commons, whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.		In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press grew in prestige he became a respected intellectual by many others like the painter William Hogarth, the actors Colley Cibber and David Garrick, Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the house of Commons, whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.

	HIS MAIN WORKS		HIS MAIN WORKS

	In 1739 he published ''[[Pamela]] or Virtue Rewarded'', a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex , although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.		In 1739 he published ''[[Pamela]] or Virtue Rewarded'', a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex ,although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.


	In 1844 he writes the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe, when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and becomes a destitute child of heaven ~~(häh? as some people would say)~~. In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over ''Pamela''. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.		In 1844 he writes the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe, when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and becomes a destitute child of heaven, although it could be read in several ways. In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over ''Pamela''. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.


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	LEGACY		LEGACY

	Richardson was an committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring ~~(says who?)~~.		Richardson was an committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring according to several critics.
	Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name Defoe's ''Robinson Crusoe'' or Aphra Behn's ''Oroonoko''). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term novel, it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.		Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name Defoe's ''Robinson Crusoe'' or Aphra Behn's ''Oroonoko''). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term novel, it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.

Pankratz at 07:11, 16 December 2009

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	~~SAMUEL RICHARDSON~~		1689-1761. 18th-century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: ''[[Pamela, or virtue rewarded]]''(1740) , ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady'' (1748) and the ''History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (year??). He also made contributions in magazines and journals and worked as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other passion.

	~~INTRODUCTION~~

	~~Samuel Richardson (~~1689-1761~~) was an~~ 18th century English writer. Among his works there are three which are considered his master pieces, all of them written in the epistolary form: Pamela, or virtue rewarded(1740) , Clarissa :or the History of a Young Lady(1748) and the History of Sir Charles Grandison. ~~It is remarkable the~~ contributions in magazines and journals ~~, as well as his work~~ as publisher and printer. Although he is well known for his literature , he also spent some time painting, which was his other passion.

	EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS		EARLY LIFE AND BEGINNINGS

	Richardson was born in Derbyshire , in a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a great painter and draughtsman of this time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them , and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.		Richardson was born in Derbyshire, into a family of middle-class tradesmen. He got his first opportunity to develop his abilities when he travelled to London to be apprentice of John Wilde, a great painter and draughtsman of this time. A family of painters called the Leakes took great sympathy for them , and their presses would be his future in the printing industry.
	In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press became more prestigious he became a respected intellectual by many others like the painter William Hogarth, the actors Colley Cibber and David Garrick , Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the house of Commons, whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.		In his professional life Richardson was committed to his work and this gave him great success, since his works were said to be written with pure passion and dedication. As his printing press became more prestigious he became a respected intellectual by many others like the painter William Hogarth, the actors Colley Cibber and David Garrick, Edward Young, and Arthur Onslow, speaker of the house of Commons, whose influence in 1733 helped to secure for Richardson lucrative contracts for government printing that later included the journals of the House.

	HIS MAIN WORKS		HIS MAIN WORKS

	In 1739 he published ''Pamela or Virtue Rewarded'' , a story about a young ~~lady~~ who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is a imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex , although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.		In 1739 he published ''[[Pamela]] or Virtue Rewarded'', a story about a young woman who has to face the reality of the patriarchal world and overcome its many obstacles. Though the novel was immensely popular, Richardson was criticized by those who thought his heroine a calculating minx or his own morality dubious. Actually his heroine is an imagined blend of the artful in some instances and the artless in some others. She is a perplexed girl of 15, with a divided mind, who faces a real dilemma because she wants to preserve her virtue without losing the man with whom she has fallen in love. The point of discussion would be to consider first what is the notion of virtue at that time and what it really implied was quite complex , although social class was a good reason to be virtuous.


	In ~~1944~~ he writes the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe , when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and ~~becomesa~~ destitute child of heaven. In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over Pamela. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.		In 1844 he writes the novel ''Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady''. He presents the heroine, Clarissa Harlowe, when she is discovering the concealed motives of her family, who would force her into a loveless marriage to improve their fortunes. Clarissa falls in love with Lovelace a nephew of a quite rich Lord, who would grant both her happiness and that of her family. As the novel comes to its close, she is removed from the world of both the Harlowes and the Lovelaces, and becomes a destitute child of heaven (häh? as some people would say). In providing confidants for his central characters and in refusing to find a place in the social structure into which to fit his heroine, Richardson made his greatest advances over ''Pamela''. He was determined, as his postscript indicates, to write a novel that was also a tragedy and indeed was found more tragic than his previous heroine.



	In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' , he provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and leads him to a dilemma that he has to solve : a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.		In his third novel called ''The History of Sir Charles Grandison'' (published when??), he provides a hero who is a model of benevolence. He faces little that a good heart cannot remedy and leads him to a dilemma that he has to solve: a “divided love” between an English woman, Harriet Byron, and an Italian, Signora Clementina. He is saved for Harriet by the last-minute refusal of the Roman Catholic Clementina to marry a committed English churchman. The uneasy minds of Clementina and Harriet are explored with some penetration, but Sir Charles faces nothing in his society or within himself that requires much of a struggle. His dilemma is not so central to the novel as were those of Pamela and Clarissa. He is surrounded with a large cast of characters who have their parts to play in social comedy that anticipates the novel of manners of the late 18th century.

	LEGACY		LEGACY

	Richardson was an committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring.		Richardson was an committed reviser of his own work, and the various editions of his novels differ greatly. Much of his revision was undertaken in a quite self-censoring response to criticism; the earliest versions of his novels are generally the more insightful and daring (says who?).
	Richardson’s Pamela is often credited with being the first English novel. Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term novel, it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case a courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.		Richardson’s ''Pamela'' is often credited with being the first English novel (others name Defoe's ''Robinson Crusoe'' or Aphra Behn's ''Oroonoko''). Although the validity of this claim depends on the definition of the term novel, it is not disputed that Richardson was innovative in his concentration on a single action, in this case courtship. By telling the story in the form of letters, he provided if not the “stream” at least the flow of consciousness of his characters, and he pioneered in showing how his characters’ sense of class differences and their awareness of the conflict between sexual instincts and the moral code created dilemmas that could not always be resolved. These characteristics reappear regularly in the subsequent history of the novel. Above all, Richardson was the writer who made the novel a respectable genre. He is widely considered a true forerunner of the psychological novel in Europe.