Thomas Cromwell - Revision history

Pankratz at 17:19, 6 July 2020

2020-07-06T17:19:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, 6 July 2020
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	Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of [[Oliver Cromwell]].		Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of [[Oliver Cromwell]].

	The popular image of Thomas Cromwell used to be rather negative: He was seen as the person responsible for the death of saints and heroines such as Thomas More or Anne Boleyn. G.R. Elton pointed to his great abilities as administrator. In the 2000s, Hilary Mantel's novels ''Wolf Hall'' (2009) ~~and~~ ''Bring Up the Bodies'' (2012) made Cromwell the humane, shrewd, intelligent and likable protagonist.		The popular image of Thomas Cromwell used to be rather negative: He was seen as the person responsible for the death of saints and heroines such as Thomas More or Anne Boleyn. G.R. Elton pointed to his great abilities as administrator. In the 2000s, Hilary Mantel's novels ''Wolf Hall'' (2009), ''Bring Up the Bodies'' (2012) and ''The Mirror and the Light'' (2020) made Cromwell the humane, shrewd, intelligent and likable protagonist.

	Cromwell also featured in the TV series ''The Tudors'' [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors~~]. His execution can be seen here: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BX7qxV0Xb0~~].		Cromwell also featured in the TV series ''The Tudors'' [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors].

WikiSysop at 17:30, 12 November 2012

2012-11-12T17:30:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:30, 12 November 2012
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	Born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex, died 28 July 1540 in the [[Tower of London]]. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Thomas Cromwell]]		Born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex, died 28 July 1540 in the [[Tower of London]]. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Thomas Cromwell]]

	Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor ~~Cardinal~~ [[Wolsey]] - came from humble origins.		Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor [[Thomas Wolsey\|Cardinal Wolsey]] - came from humble origins.

	After some time in Italy and France, Cromwell studied law and joined the household of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained king [[Henry VIII]]'s trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.		After some time in Italy and France, Cromwell studied law and joined the household of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained king [[Henry VIII]]'s trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.

Pankratz at 10:50, 25 October 2012

2012-10-25T10:50:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 25 October 2012
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	Born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex, died on 28 July 1540 at the [[Tower of London]]. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Thomas Cromwell]]		Born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex, died 28 July 1540 in the [[Tower of London]]. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Thomas Cromwell]]

	Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor Cardinal [[Wolsey]] - came from humble origins.		Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor Cardinal [[Wolsey]] - came from humble origins.

	Cromwell studied law and ~~became an employee~~ of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained ~~the King~~ Henry VIII's trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.		After some time in Italy and France, Cromwell studied law and joined the household of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained king [[Henry VIII]]'s trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.

	In 1532 Thomas Cromwell became the King's chief minister. His career skyrocketed and he had a lot of political authority. Cromwell was also named Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and Secretary of State. ~~He now had influence over~~ the ~~King~~'s ~~correspondence~~, ~~too~~.		In 1532 Thomas Cromwell became the King's chief minister. His career skyrocketed and he had a lot of political authority. Cromwell was also named Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and Secretary of State. In the "king's great matter" (the annulment of his marriage with [[Catherine of Aragon]]), Cromwell was among the men who were in favour of Henry as the Head of the English Church. He also was involved in formulating the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Cromwell played a huge role in the English Reformation and he was mainly responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries.

	~~Cromwell was among~~ the ~~men who were in favour of~~ King ~~Henry as the Head of the English Church~~. He ~~also took care~~ of the ~~Act of Supremacy in 1534~~. Cromwell ~~played~~ a ~~huge role in~~ the ~~English Reformation and~~ he was ~~mainly responsible for~~ the ~~dissolution~~ of the ~~monasteries~~.		After [[Jane Seymour]]’s death in 1537, he urged the King to remarry soon. He intended the King to have a Protestant wife - [[Anne of Cleves]] - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants. Cromwell praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen a portrait of her by [[Hans Holbein (the Younger)\|Hans Holbein]], he agreed to the marriage. As Anne was not as beautiful as the portrait promised, the marriage was never consummated. Cromwell had to take care of the annulment and some of his enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court.

	~~After [[Jane Seymour]]’s death in 1537~~, he ~~urged~~ the ~~King to remarry soon~~. He ~~intended the King to have a Protestant wife - [[Anne~~ of ~~Cleves]] - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants~~. Cromwell ~~praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen~~ a ~~portrait of her by [[Hans Holbein (~~the ~~Younger)\|Hans Holbein]]~~, he ~~agreed to~~ the ~~marriage~~. Unfortunately, ~~Anne was not as beautiful as~~ the ~~portrait promised~~ and the ~~marriage was never consummated~~. Cromwell ~~had~~ to ~~take care of the divorce~~ and ~~some of~~ his ~~enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court~~.		Before Cromwell lost the king's favour, he was made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540, a title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped of all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June, Cromwell wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy". On 28 July 1540 he was beheaded at the Tower of London. Unfortunately for him, the executioner did a rather sloppy work and did not manage to kill Cromwell at the first swing of his axe. It is said that King Henry soon regretted his decision to sentence Cromwell to death and mourned his loss.

	~~Before~~ Cromwell ~~lost the King's favour, he~~ was ~~made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540,~~ a ~~title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped~~ of ~~all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June,~~ Cromwell ~~wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy"~~.		Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of [[Oliver Cromwell]].

	~~On 28 July 1540 he~~ was ~~beheaded at~~ the ~~Tower of London. Unfortunately~~ for ~~him,~~ the ~~executioner did a rather sloppy work~~ and ~~did not manage~~ to ~~kill Cromwell at the first swing of~~ his ~~axe~~. ~~The execution of Thomas Cromwell~~ (~~played by James Frain~~) ~~was also shown in~~ the ~~TV series [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors]~~ and ~~can be watched [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BX7qxV0Xb0 here]~~.		The popular image of Thomas Cromwell used to be rather negative: He was seen as the person responsible for the death of saints and heroines such as Thomas More or Anne Boleyn. G.R. Elton pointed to his great abilities as administrator. In the 2000s, Hilary Mantel's novels ''Wolf Hall'' (2009) and ''Bring Up the Bodies'' (2012) made Cromwell the humane, shrewd, intelligent and likable protagonist.

	~~It is said that King Henry soon regretted his decision to sentence~~ Cromwell ~~to death and mourned his loss~~.		Cromwell also featured in the TV series ''The Tudors'' [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors]. His execution can be seen here: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BX7qxV0Xb0].

	~~Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of~~ [~~[Oliver Cromwell]~~].

WikiSysop at 10:50, 18 June 2010

2010-06-18T10:50:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 18 June 2010
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	Cromwell was among the men who were in favour of King Henry as the Head of the English Church. He also took care of the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Cromwell played a huge role in the English Reformation and he was mainly responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries.		Cromwell was among the men who were in favour of King Henry as the Head of the English Church. He also took care of the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Cromwell played a huge role in the English Reformation and he was mainly responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries.

	After [[Jane Seymour]]’s death in 1537, he urged the King to remarry soon. He intended the King to have a Protestant wife - [[Anne of Cleves]] - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants. Cromwell praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen a portrait of her by [[Holbein]], he agreed to the marriage. Unfortunately, Anne was not as beautiful as the portrait promised and the marriage was never consummated. Cromwell had to take care of the divorce and some of his enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court.		After [[Jane Seymour]]’s death in 1537, he urged the King to remarry soon. He intended the King to have a Protestant wife - [[Anne of Cleves]] - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants. Cromwell praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen a portrait of her by [[Hans Holbein (the Younger)\|Hans Holbein]], he agreed to the marriage. Unfortunately, Anne was not as beautiful as the portrait promised and the marriage was never consummated. Cromwell had to take care of the divorce and some of his enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court.

	Before Cromwell lost the King's favour, he was made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540, a title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped of all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June, Cromwell wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy".		Before Cromwell lost the King's favour, he was made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540, a title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped of all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June, Cromwell wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy".

Pankratz at 12:44, 2 June 2010

2010-06-02T12:44:57Z

Cat: Created page with 'Thomas Cromwell was born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex and died on 28 July 1540 at the Tower of London. Thomas Cromwell Not muc…'

2010-06-01T20:56:25Z

Created page with 'Thomas Cromwell was born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex and died on 28 July 1540 at the Tower of London. 200px|thumb|right|Thomas Cromwell Not muc…'

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Thomas Cromwell was born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex and died on 28 July 1540 at the Tower of London. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Thomas Cromwell]]

Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor Cardinal Wolsey - came from humble origins.

Cromwell studied law and became an employee of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained the King's trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.

In 1532 Thomas Cromwell became the King's chief minister. His career skyrocketed and he had a lot of political authority. Cromwell was also named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal] and Secretary of State. He now had influence over the King's correspondence, too.

Cromwell was among the men who were in favour of King Henry as the Head of the English Church. He also took care of the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Cromwell played a huge role in the English Reformation and he was mainly responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries.

After Jane Seymour’s death in 1537, he urged the King to remarry soon. He intended the King to have a Protestant wife - Anne of Cleves - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants. Cromwell praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen a portrait of her by Holbein, he agreed to the marriage. Unfortunately, Anne was not as beautiful as the portrait promised and the marriage was never consummated. Cromwell had to take care of the divorce and some of his enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court.

Before Cromwell lost the King's favour, he was made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540, a title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped of all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June, Cromwell wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy".

On 28 July 1540 he was beheaded at the Tower of London. Unfortunately for him, the executioner did a rather sloppy work and did not manage to kill Cromwell at the first swing of his axe. The excution of Thomas Cromwell (played by James Frain) was also shown in the TV series [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors] and can be watched [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BX7qxV0Xb0 here].

It is said that King Henry soon regretted his decision to sentence Cromwell to death and mourned his loss.

Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of Oliver Cromwell.

== Sources ==

* Gardiner, Juliet. The Reign of Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics. London: Collins & Brown, 1991.
* Jacobs, Eberhard; de Vitray, Eva. Heinrich VIII. von England in Augenzeugenberichten. Düsseldorf: Karl Rauch Verlag, 1969.
* Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 2 June 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Thomas Cromwell was born~~ around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex ~~and~~ died on 28 July 1540 at the Tower of London. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Thomas Cromwell]]		Born around 1485 in Putney, Middlesex, died on 28 July 1540 at the [[Tower of London]]. [[File:Thomas_Cromwell.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Thomas Cromwell]]

	Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor Cardinal Wolsey - came from humble origins.		Not much is known about his early life (starting with the exact year of his birth), but Cromwell - just like his mentor Cardinal [[Wolsey]] - came from humble origins.

	Cromwell studied law and became an employee of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained the King's trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.		Cromwell studied law and became an employee of Cardinal Wolsey. After Wolsey’s downfall in 1529, he gained the King Henry VIII's trust and was appointed a royal counsellor.

	In 1532 Thomas Cromwell became the King's chief minister. His career skyrocketed and he had a lot of political authority. Cromwell was also named ~~[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal~~ Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal] and Secretary of State. He now had influence over the King's correspondence, too.		In 1532 Thomas Cromwell became the King's chief minister. His career skyrocketed and he had a lot of political authority. Cromwell was also named Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and Secretary of State. He now had influence over the King's correspondence, too.

	Cromwell was among the men who were in favour of King Henry as the Head of the English Church. He also took care of the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Cromwell played a huge role in the English Reformation and he was mainly responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries.		Cromwell was among the men who were in favour of King Henry as the Head of the English Church. He also took care of the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Cromwell played a huge role in the English Reformation and he was mainly responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries.

	After Jane ~~Seymour’s~~ death in 1537, he urged the King to remarry soon. He intended the King to have a Protestant wife - Anne of Cleves - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants. Cromwell praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen a portrait of her by Holbein, he agreed to the marriage. Unfortunately, Anne was not as beautiful as the portrait promised and the marriage was never consummated. Cromwell had to take care of the divorce and some of his enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court.		After [[Jane Seymour]]’s death in 1537, he urged the King to remarry soon. He intended the King to have a Protestant wife - [[Anne of Cleves]] - to strengthen the relation to German Protestants. Cromwell praised Anne's beauty and after King Henry had seen a portrait of her by [[Holbein]], he agreed to the marriage. Unfortunately, Anne was not as beautiful as the portrait promised and the marriage was never consummated. Cromwell had to take care of the divorce and some of his enemies saw their chance to further weaken Cromwell's position at court.

	Before Cromwell lost the King's favour, he was made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540, a title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped of all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June, Cromwell wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy".		Before Cromwell lost the King's favour, he was made Earl of Essex on 18 April 1540, a title that only lasted for almost two months. Cromwell was arrested on 10 June 1540, stripped of all his titles and taken to the Tower of London. He was accused of high treason and heresy. On 30 June, Cromwell wrote a letter to the King, begging him to have "mercy, mercy, mercy".

	On 28 July 1540 he was beheaded at the Tower of London. Unfortunately for him, the executioner did a rather sloppy work and did not manage to kill Cromwell at the first swing of his axe. The ~~excution~~ of Thomas Cromwell (played by James Frain) was also shown in the TV series [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors] and can be watched [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BX7qxV0Xb0 here].		On 28 July 1540 he was beheaded at the Tower of London. Unfortunately for him, the executioner did a rather sloppy work and did not manage to kill Cromwell at the first swing of his axe. The execution of Thomas Cromwell (played by James Frain) was also shown in the TV series [http://www.sho.com/site/tudors/home.do The Tudors] and can be watched [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BX7qxV0Xb0 here].

	It is said that King Henry soon regretted his decision to sentence Cromwell to death and mourned his loss.		It is said that King Henry soon regretted his decision to sentence Cromwell to death and mourned his loss.

	Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of Oliver Cromwell.		Thomas Cromwell was a great uncle of [[Oliver Cromwell]].


	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	* Gardiner, Juliet. The Reign of Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics. London: Collins & Brown, 1991.		* Gardiner, Juliet. ''The Reign of Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics''. London: Collins & Brown, 1991.
	* Jacobs, Eberhard; de Vitray, Eva. Heinrich VIII. von England in Augenzeugenberichten. Düsseldorf: Karl Rauch Verlag, 1969.		* Jacobs, Eberhard; de Vitray, Eva. ''Heinrich VIII. von England in Augenzeugenberichten''. Düsseldorf: Karl Rauch Verlag, 1969.
	* Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.		* Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.