Thomas Robert Malthus - Revision history

Alexander Wissmann at 08:41, 23 November 2010

2010-11-23T08:41:28Z

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	Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus.		Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus.

	Heineberg, Heinz. ''Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie.'' Paderborn: ~~publishing house??~~ 3 ed. 2007.		Heineberg, Heinz. ''Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie.'' Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag 3 ed. 2007.

	Huzel, James P. ''The Popularization of Malthus in Early Nineteenth-Century England''. ~~Place??~~: Ashgate, 2006.		Huzel, James P. ''The Popularization of Malthus in Early Nineteenth-Century England''. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.

	University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html		University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html

Pankratz at 16:19, 22 November 2010

2010-11-22T16:19:10Z

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	~~Thomas Robert Malthus was an~~ English demographer and economist. He was born on the 13th, 14th or 17th (depending on the source) of February 1766 near Surrey as the sixth child of Daniel and Henrietta Malthus and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. His father was a ~~cultivated~~ gentleman who earned enough money through family connections in law and medicine. Therefore, the family was able to pay for Robert’s education and sent him amongst others to Jesus College at Cambridge in 1784 from which he graduated in 1788 as the ninth best mathematician of the year. After his studies he became a minister of the Church of England in 1789.		English demographer and economist. He was born on the 13th, 14th or 17th (depending on the source) of February 1766 near Surrey as the sixth child of Daniel and Henrietta Malthus and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St Catherine. His father was a gentleman who earned enough money through family connections in law and medicine. Therefore, the family was able to pay for Robert’s education and sent him amongst others to Jesus College at Cambridge in 1784 from which he graduated in 1788 as the ninth best mathematician of the year. After his studies he became a minister of the Church of England in 1789.

	Malthus became popular for his ''~~“Essay~~ on the Principle of ~~Population”~~'' which he published anonymously as a first edition in 1798 and later, as an enlarged version, in 1803 as a response to the utopian ideas of William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet. Both thinkers were the opinion that		Malthus became popular for his ''Essay on the Principle of Population'' which he published anonymously as a first edition in 1798 and later, as an enlarged version, in 1803 as a response to the utopian ideas of [[William Godwin]] and the Marquis de Condorcet. Both thinkers were of the opinion that "the elimination of private property would ensure equality for all; mind would triumph over body the body and the passion between the sexes would disappear…" (Huzel 17).
	~~''“the~~ elimination of private property would ensure equality for all; mind would triumph over body the body and the passion between the sexes would ~~disappear…”''~~ (Huzel 17).

	Malthus spent most of his essay arguing against this utopian view of mankind and promoted a rather pessimistic view. The central point of his essay is his theory on population growth and its impact on society. Right at the beginning, he postulates first that food is essential for human life and second that ~~''“the~~ passion between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present ~~state”''~~ (Huzel 18). From his observations of plants and animals he concludes that far more descendants are produced than can be supplied by nature. Malthus transferred this idea to the human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit of food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically.		Malthus spent most of his essay arguing against this utopian view of mankind and promoted a rather pessimistic view. The central point of his essay is his theory on population growth and its impact on society. Right at the beginning, he postulates first that food is essential for human life and second that "the passion between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state" (Huzel 18). From his observations of plants and animals he concludes that far more descendants are produced than can be supplied by nature. Malthus transferred this idea to the human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit of food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically.

	The gap between food production and the demand for food leads to a lack of food supply and a general decline of the living conditions. Therefore, this shortage must be countered by certain means of population control. As possible means he suggest ‘preventive’ checks for all social classes, like the delay of marriages and all forms of sexual intercourses which do not aim at procreation, and especially ‘positive’ checks for the poor to reduce their population. To his mind, war, diseases and ~~the~~ famine are justifiable means to reduce the family size to number they can supply on their own because he regards the ~~labour~~ class as irresponsible and not able to control ~~their~~ size on ~~their~~ own. These three factors together, food shortage, overpopulation and the lower classes’ irresponsibility are from Malthus’ point of view the main reasons for the decline of the living conditions in Britain at that time. As a result from this, he promoted also some other social changes; especially the abolishment of Poor Laws because the working class needs constantly to be forced to work as they ~~''“prefer~~ ‘leisure’ and ‘drunkenness’ to ‘industry’ and ~~‘sobriety’”''~~ (Huzel 21).		The gap between food production and the demand for food leads to a lack of food supply and a general decline of the living conditions. Therefore, this shortage must be countered by certain means of population control. As possible means he suggest ‘preventive’ checks for all social classes, like the delay of marriages and all forms of sexual intercourses which do not aim at procreation, and especially ‘positive’ checks for the poor to reduce their population. To his mind, war, diseases and famine are justifiable means to reduce the family size to a number they can supply on their own because he regards the working class as irresponsible and not able to control its size on its own. These three factors together, food shortage, overpopulation and the lower classes’ irresponsibility are from Malthus’ point of view the main reasons for the decline of the living conditions in Britain at that time. As a result from this, he promoted also some other social changes; especially the abolishment of Poor Laws because the working class needs constantly to be forced to work as they "prefer ‘leisure’ and ‘drunkenness’ to ‘industry’ and ‘sobriety’" (Huzel 21).


			Sources:

	Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus.		Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus.

	Heineberg, Heinz. Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie. Paderborn 3 ed. 2007		Heineberg, Heinz. ''Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie.'' Paderborn: publishing house?? 3 ed. 2007.

	Huzel, James P. The ~~popularization~~ of Malthus in ~~early nineteenth century~~ England. Ashgate 2006		Huzel, James P. ''The Popularization of Malthus in Early Nineteenth-Century England''. Place??: Ashgate, 2006.

	University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html		University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html

Alexander Wissmann at 13:18, 18 November 2010

2010-11-18T13:18:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:18, 18 November 2010
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	Thomas Robert Malthus was an English demographer and economist. He was born on the 13th, 14th or 17th (depending on the source) of February 1766 near Surrey as the sixth child of Daniel and Henrietta Malthus and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. His father was a cultivated gentleman who earned enough money through family connections in law and medicine. Therefore, the family was able to pay for Robert’s education and sent him amongst others to Jesus College at Cambridge in 1784 from which he graduated in 1788 as the ninth best mathematician of the year. After his studies he became a minister of the Church of England in 1789.		Thomas Robert Malthus was an English demographer and economist. He was born on the 13th, 14th or 17th (depending on the source) of February 1766 near Surrey as the sixth child of Daniel and Henrietta Malthus and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. His father was a cultivated gentleman who earned enough money through family connections in law and medicine. Therefore, the family was able to pay for Robert’s education and sent him amongst others to Jesus College at Cambridge in 1784 from which he graduated in 1788 as the ninth best mathematician of the year. After his studies he became a minister of the Church of England in 1789.

	Malthus became popular for his “Essay on the Principle of Population” which he published anonymously as a first edition in 1798 and later, as an enlarged version, in 1803 as a response to the utopian ideas of William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet. Both thinkers were the opinion that		Malthus became popular for his ''“Essay on the Principle of Population”'' which he published anonymously as a first edition in 1798 and later, as an enlarged version, in 1803 as a response to the utopian ideas of William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet. Both thinkers were the opinion that
	''“the elimination of private property would ensure equality for all; mind would triumph over body the body and the passion between the sexes would disappear…”'' (Huzel 17).		''“the elimination of private property would ensure equality for all; mind would triumph over body the body and the passion between the sexes would disappear…”'' (Huzel 17).

Alexander Wissmann at 13:18, 18 November 2010

2010-11-18T13:18:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:18, 18 November 2010
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	~~Born near Dorking~~ on February		Thomas Robert Malthus was an English demographer and economist. He was born on the 13th, 14th or 17th (depending on the source) of February 1766 near Surrey as the sixth child of Daniel and Henrietta Malthus and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. His father was a cultivated gentleman who earned enough money through family connections in law and medicine. Therefore, the family was able to pay for Robert’s education and sent him amongst others to Jesus College at Cambridge in 1784 from which he graduated in 1788 as the ninth best mathematician of the year. After his studies he became a minister of the Church of England in 1789.
	~~14/17,~~ 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine.
	He was a ~~demographer~~ and ~~economist~~ and ~~wrote~~ the ~~“Essay on~~ the
	~~Principle~~ of ~~Population”~~ in ~~1798 where he expressed his theory on~~
	~~population growth and its impact on society~~.

	~~In this essay, he observed that plants and animals produce far more descendants than can be supplied by nature which leads to a natural shortening of the population caused by a lack of food supply.~~ Malthus ~~transferred this idea to~~ the ~~human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit~~ of ~~food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically~~ which ~~leads~~, ~~at the end~~, to the ~~outbreak~~ of the ~~famine as a natural outcome~~. ~~To counter this development, he suggests limiting~~ the ~~family size~~ of ~~the lower classes to a number they can supply on their own. This~~ would ~~not only prevent the effects of the famine but also~~ the ~~decline of living conditions in Britain for which food shortage, overpopulation~~ and the ~~lower classes’ irresponsibility were seen as~~ the ~~main reasons~~.		Malthus became popular for his “Essay on the Principle of Population” which he published anonymously as a first edition in 1798 and later, as an enlarged version, in 1803 as a response to the utopian ideas of William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet. Both thinkers were the opinion that
			''“the elimination of private property would ensure equality for all; mind would triumph over body the body and the passion between the sexes would disappear…”'' (Huzel 17).

			Malthus spent most of his essay arguing against this utopian view of mankind and promoted a rather pessimistic view. The central point of his essay is his theory on population growth and its impact on society. Right at the beginning, he postulates first that food is essential for human life and second that ''“the passion between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state”'' (Huzel 18). From his observations of plants and animals he concludes that far more descendants are produced than can be supplied by nature. Malthus transferred this idea to the human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit of food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically.

	~~Encyclopædia Britannica~~. ~~Thomas Robert Malthus~~. ~~2010~~. ~~Encyclopædia Britannica Online~~. ~~14 Nov~~. ~~2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus>~~.		The gap between food production and the demand for food leads to a lack of food supply and a general decline of the living conditions. Therefore, this shortage must be countered by certain means of population control. As possible means he suggest ‘preventive’ checks for all social classes, like the delay of marriages and all forms of sexual intercourses which do not aim at procreation, and especially ‘positive’ checks for the poor to reduce their population. To his mind, war, diseases and the famine are justifiable means to reduce the family size to number they can supply on their own because he regards the labour class as irresponsible and not able to control their size on their own. These three factors together, food shortage, overpopulation and the lower classes’ irresponsibility are from Malthus’ point of view the main reasons for the decline of the living conditions in Britain at that time. As a result from this, he promoted also some other social changes; especially the abolishment of Poor Laws because the working class needs constantly to be forced to work as they ''“prefer ‘leisure’ and ‘drunkenness’ to ‘industry’ and ‘sobriety’”'' (Huzel 21).

	Heineberg, Heinz. ''Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie''. Paderborn~~: Publishing House??~~ 3 ed. 2007
			Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus.

			Heineberg, Heinz. Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie. Paderborn 3 ed. 2007

			Huzel, James P. The popularization of Malthus in early nineteenth century England. Ashgate 2006

	University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html		University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html

Pankratz at 16:44, 15 November 2010

2010-11-15T16:44:42Z

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	~~'''Work in Progress'''~~		Born near Dorking on February

	~~Thomas Robert Malthus was born~~ near Dorking on February
	14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine.		14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine.
	He was a demographer and economist and wrote the “Essay on the		He was a demographer and economist and wrote the “Essay on the
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	Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus>.		Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus>.

	Heineberg, Heinz. Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie. Paderborn 3 ed. 2007		Heineberg, Heinz. ''Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie''. Paderborn: Publishing House?? 3 ed. 2007

	University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html		University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html

Alexander Wissmann at 15:42, 14 November 2010

2010-11-14T15:42:48Z

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	Work in Progress		'''Work in Progress'''

	Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February		Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February

Alexander Wissmann at 15:42, 14 November 2010

2010-11-14T15:42:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:42, 14 November 2010
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	Work in Progress		Work in Progress

	Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February 14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. He was a demographer and economist and wrote the “Essay on the Principle of Population” in 1798 where he expressed his theory on population growth and its impact on society.		Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February
			14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine.
			He was a demographer and economist and wrote the “Essay on the
			Principle of Population” in 1798 where he expressed his theory on
			population growth and its impact on society.

	In this essay, he observed that plants and animals produce far more descendants than can be supplied by nature which leads to a natural shortening of the population caused by a lack of food supply. Malthus transferred this idea to the human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit of food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically which leads, at the end, to the outbreak of the famine as a natural outcome. To counter this development, he suggests limiting the family size of the lower classes to a number they can supply on their own. This would not only prevent the effects of the famine but also the decline of living conditions in Britain for which food shortage, overpopulation and the lower classes’ irresponsibility were seen as the main reasons.		In this essay, he observed that plants and animals produce far more descendants than can be supplied by nature which leads to a natural shortening of the population caused by a lack of food supply. Malthus transferred this idea to the human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit of food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically which leads, at the end, to the outbreak of the famine as a natural outcome. To counter this development, he suggests limiting the family size of the lower classes to a number they can supply on their own. This would not only prevent the effects of the famine but also the decline of living conditions in Britain for which food shortage, overpopulation and the lower classes’ irresponsibility were seen as the main reasons.

Alexander Wissmann: Created page with 'Work in Progress Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February 14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. He was a demographer and economis…'

2010-11-14T15:38:48Z

Created page with 'Work in Progress Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February 14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. He was a demographer and economis…'

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Work in Progress

Thomas Robert Malthus was born near Dorking on February 14/17, 1766 and died on the 23rd of December 1834 in St. Catherine. He was a demographer and economist and wrote the “Essay on the Principle of Population” in 1798 where he expressed his theory on population growth and its impact on society.

In this essay, he observed that plants and animals produce far more descendants than can be supplied by nature which leads to a natural shortening of the population caused by a lack of food supply. Malthus transferred this idea to the human population and claimed that humans are also able to overproduce until the limit of food supply is reached. To his mind, the human population increases geometrically while food production only increases arithmetically which leads, at the end, to the outbreak of the famine as a natural outcome. To counter this development, he suggests limiting the family size of the lower classes to a number they can supply on their own. This would not only prevent the effects of the famine but also the decline of living conditions in Britain for which food shortage, overpopulation and the lower classes’ irresponsibility were seen as the main reasons.

Encyclopædia Britannica. Thomas Robert Malthus. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360609/Thomas-Robert-Malthus>.

Heineberg, Heinz. Einführung in die Anthropogeographie/ Humangeographie. Paderborn 3 ed. 2007

University of California Museum of Palaeontology. Thomas Malthus. 14. Nov. 2010 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html