Victoria - Revision history

Pankratz at 17:43, 17 November 2020

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	During her reign, the conditions in the factories, urbanisation and the living conditions of the working class became an important issue. In 1844, 1847 and 1850 [[Factory Acts]] were passed trying to improve working conditions notably for children and women but also for men in mines, factories and offices by means of restricting weekly hours of work and forbidding night work for persons under the age of 18.		During her reign, the conditions in the factories, urbanisation and the living conditions of the working class became an important issue. In 1844, 1847 and 1850 [[Factory Acts]] were passed trying to improve working conditions notably for children and women but also for men in mines, factories and offices by means of restricting weekly hours of work and forbidding night work for persons under the age of 18.

	In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the [[~~The~~ Church of England\|Anglican Church]].		In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the [[Church of England\|Anglican Church]].

	Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of [[Separation of Spheres\|separate spheres]] of men and women was supported.		Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of [[Separation of Spheres\|separate spheres]] of men and women was supported.

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	After the death of her husband in 1861 she almost completely retreated from public life.		After the death of her husband in 1861 she almost completely retreated from public life.
	She died on ~~the 22th of~~ January, 1901 in [[Osborne House]], Isle of Wight. She was succeeded by her son [[Edward VII\|Edward]].		She died on 22 January 1901 in [[Osborne House]], Isle of Wight. She was succeeded by her son [[Edward VII\|Edward]].

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

WikiSysop at 16:25, 8 January 2018

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	Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.		Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.

	Victoria was the last British monarch of the [[House of Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort [[Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.		Victoria was the last British monarch of the [[House of Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort [[Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the [[Prime Minister\|prime minister]]'s advice.

	She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.		She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the [[British Empire]] expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.

	Her husband was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to whom she was married in 1840. Together, they had nine children (Victoria, [[Edward VII\|Bertie]], Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, and Beatrice) for all of whom she arranged marriages. Furthermore she had fourty-two grandchildren all across Europe giving her the nickname "mother of Europe".		Her husband was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to whom she was married in 1840. Together, they had nine children (Victoria, [[Edward VII\|Bertie]], Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, and Beatrice) for all of whom she arranged marriages. Furthermore she had fourty-two grandchildren all across Europe giving her the nickname "mother of Europe".


	== Changes during her reign ==		== Changes during her reign ==
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	When Victoria came to the throne, monarchy was unpopular among the people in the UK. This attitude altered, mainly in the second part of Victoria's reign as her strong character, her will and her determinedness induced significant changes.		When Victoria came to the throne, monarchy was unpopular among the people in the UK. This attitude altered, mainly in the second part of Victoria's reign as her strong character, her will and her determinedness induced significant changes.

	During her reign, the conditions in the factories, urbanisation and the living conditions of the working class became an important issue. In 1844, 1847, 1850 [[Factory Acts]] were passed trying to improve working conditions notably for children and women but also men in mines, factories and offices by means of restricting weekly hours of work and forbidding night work for persons under the age of 18.		During her reign, the conditions in the factories, urbanisation and the living conditions of the working class became an important issue. In 1844, 1847 and 1850 [[Factory Acts]] were passed trying to improve working conditions notably for children and women but also for men in mines, factories and offices by means of restricting weekly hours of work and forbidding night work for persons under the age of 18.

	In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the Anglican Church.

	~~Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of separate spheres of men and women was supported.~~
	Consequently, following the myth of being 'The Angel in the House', women should devote themselves entirely to (the shelter of) their families. Victoria and Albert personified this ideal - and the monarch was vehemently against the emancipation of women, but she could not and did not veto acts of parliament in favour of women's emancipation. Moreover, she had to live with the paradox that she was the head of state.



			In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the [[The Church of England\|Anglican Church]].

	-~~---~~		Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of [[Separation of Spheres\|separate spheres]] of men and women was supported.
			Consequently, following the myth of being '[[The Angel in the House]]', women should devote themselves entirely to (the shelter of) their families. Victoria and Albert personified this ideal - and the monarch was vehemently against the emancipation of women, but she could not and did not veto acts of parliament in favour of women's emancipation. Moreover, she had to live with the paradox that she was the head of state.

	After the death of her husband in 1861 she almost completely retreated from ~~the~~ public.		After the death of her husband in 1861 she almost completely retreated from public life.
	She died on the 22th of January, 1901 in [[Osborne House]], Isle of Wight. She was succeeded by her son [[Edward VII\|Edward]].		She died on the 22th of January, 1901 in [[Osborne House]], Isle of Wight. She was succeeded by her son [[Edward VII\|Edward]].

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	* http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627603/Victoria		* Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.
	* Maurer, Michael: ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.		* Ray, John, Ray, Mary. ''The Victorian Age''. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.
	* Ray, John, Ray, Mary: ''The Victorian Age''. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.		* St. Aubyn, Giles- ''Queen Victoria - A Portrait''. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.
	* St. Aubyn, Giles: ''Queen Victoria - A Portrait''. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.		* Veldman, Meredith and Edgar Trevor Williams. "Victoria." ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627603/Victoria.

WikiSysop at 15:50, 11 January 2017

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	Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.		Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.

	Victoria was the last British monarch of the [[House of Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.		Victoria was the last British monarch of the [[House of Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort [[Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.

	She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.		She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.

WikiSysop at 09:50, 7 December 2016

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	* Maurer, Michael: ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.		* Maurer, Michael: ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.
	* Ray, John, Ray, Mary: ''The Victorian Age''. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.		* Ray, John, Ray, Mary: ''The Victorian Age''. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.
	* St. Aubyn, Giles: ''Queen Victoria - A Portrait''. ~~[Place?]~~: ~~[Publishing House?]~~, 1991.		* St. Aubyn, Giles: ''Queen Victoria - A Portrait''. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.

Pankratz at 13:28, 10 December 2015

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:28, 10 December 2015
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	Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.		Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.

	Victoria was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.		Victoria was the last British monarch of the [[House of Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.

	She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.		She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.

Pankratz at 13:27, 10 December 2015

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	In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the Anglican Church.		In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the Anglican Church.

	~~'''The Role of Women'''~~		Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of separate spheres of men and women was supported.
	Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of ~~separated~~ spheres of men and women was supported.
	Consequently, following the myth of being 'The Angel in the House', women should devote themselves entirely to (the shelter of) their families. Victoria and Albert personified this ideal - and the monarch was vehemently against the emancipation of women, but she could not and did not veto acts of parliament in favour of women's emancipation. Moreover, she had to live with the paradox that she was the head of state.		Consequently, following the myth of being 'The Angel in the House', women should devote themselves entirely to (the shelter of) their families. Victoria and Albert personified this ideal - and the monarch was vehemently against the emancipation of women, but she could not and did not veto acts of parliament in favour of women's emancipation. Moreover, she had to live with the paradox that she was the head of state.

Pankratz at 13:27, 10 December 2015

2015-12-10T13:27:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:27, 10 December 2015
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	Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.		Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.

	Victoria was the last British monarch of the House of [[Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.		Victoria was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.

	She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.		She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.

Pankratz at 11:16, 19 October 2011

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	1819 - 1901. Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901), Empress of India (1876 - 1901).		1819-1901. Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901), Empress of India (1876-1901).

	Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on ~~the 24th of~~ May, 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.		Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg was born on 24 May 1819 in [[Kensington Palace]] in London.

	Victoria was ~~almost entirely of German descent and~~ the last British monarch of the House of ~~Hannover~~ (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.		Victoria was the last British monarch of the House of [[Hanover]] (after her, the dynasty was named after Prince consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of eigthteen. At this time the United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy in which the king or queen held few political powers and exercised influence by the prime minister's advice.

	She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity~~. Therefore she gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age~~.		She reigned the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland for 64 years. During her reign the British Empire expanded to a large extent, reaching its climax as one of the foremost global powers of the time. The upper and middle class in the United Kingdom experienced an unprecedented economic prosperity.

	Her husband was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to whom she was married in 1840. Together, they had nine children (Victoria, Bertie, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, and Beatrice) for all of whom she arranged marriages. Furthermore she had fourty-two grandchildren all across Europe giving her the nickname "mother of Europe".		Her husband was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to whom she was married in 1840. Together, they had nine children (Victoria, [[Edward VII\|Bertie]], Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, and Beatrice) for all of whom she arranged marriages. Furthermore she had fourty-two grandchildren all across Europe giving her the nickname "mother of Europe".


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	'''The Role of Women'''		'''The Role of Women'''
	Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of separated spheres of men and women was supported.		Throughout the Victorian Era, the ideal of separated spheres of men and women was supported.
	Consequently, following the myth of being 'The Angel in the House', women should devote themselves entirely to (the shelter of) their families. ~~However, for women~~ this ~~model collided with the ideas~~ and the ~~progress evoked by the Industrial Revolution as many women worked already in the field of industry.~~		Consequently, following the myth of being 'The Angel in the House', women should devote themselves entirely to (the shelter of) their families. Victoria and Albert personified this ideal - and the monarch was vehemently against the emancipation of women, but she could not and did not veto acts of parliament in favour of women's emancipation. Moreover, she had to live with the paradox that she was the head of state.

	Since the 1870s, the 'Married Women's Property Acts' allowed women to keep their goods when they married. In addition, women longed for political equality and thus, they claimed the right to vote. (Victoria was vehemently against the emancipation of women, but she could not and did not veto ~~the~~ acts of parliament).


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	* Ray, John, Ray, Mary: ''The Victorian Age''. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.		* Ray, John, Ray, Mary: ''The Victorian Age''. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.
	* St. Aubyn, Giles: ''Queen Victoria - A Portrait''. [Place?]: [Publishing House?], 1991.		* St. Aubyn, Giles: ''Queen Victoria - A Portrait''. [Place?]: [Publishing House?], 1991.
	* Trevelyan, George Macaulay: ''English social history - A Survey of Six Centuries, Chaucer to Queen Victoria''. [Place?]: [Publishing House?], 1945.

Pankratz at 11:50, 16 November 2010

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	When Victoria came to the throne, monarchy was unpopular among the people in the UK. This attitude altered, mainly in the second part of Victoria's reign as her strong character, her will and her determinedness induced significant changes.		When Victoria came to the throne, monarchy was unpopular among the people in the UK. This attitude altered, mainly in the second part of Victoria's reign as her strong character, her will and her determinedness induced significant changes.

	~~Right from~~ the ~~beginning~~ of ~~her reign~~, ~~several '~~Factory Acts' were passed ~~improving~~ conditions ~~of work~~ notably for children and women but also men in mines, factories and offices by means of restricting weekly hours of work and forbidding night work for persons under the age of 18.		During her reign, the conditions in the factories, urbanisation and the living conditions of the working class became an important issue. In 1844, 1847, 1850 [[Factory Acts]] were passed trying to improve working conditions notably for children and women but also men in mines, factories and offices by means of restricting weekly hours of work and forbidding night work for persons under the age of 18.

	In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the Anglican Church.		In Education, the 'Forster Education Act' (1870) divided the kingdom into districts receiving grants of money for education. In 1891, the attendance of primary school was compulsory and free and finally, the Act ensured that the rate of illiteracy decreased rapidly by the end of the century as more and more citizens were able to read and to write. The "Board of Education", a system of state schools, was established in 1899 and expanded the number of school offered by the Anglican Church.