Great War: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:51, 6 November 2015

1914-1918. Today called the First World War. The main war-waging parties were the Central Powers with Germany and Austria-Hungary on the one hand and the Triple Entente with Great Britain, France and Russia (and in 1917 the USA) on the other hand.

There were long- and short-term reasons for its outbreak. Long-term reasons were the naval race between Britain and Germany, the Moroccan Crisis and a strong belief in Social Darwinism among all nations. But the trigger for the outbreak of the war was the shooting of the Austrian heir to the throne, archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife by a Serbian nationalist in June 1914. This assassination caused Austria to declare war on Serbia. Germany as Austria's ally joined the war and so did Russia on Serbia's side. France and Britain followed. The different alliances were not forming automatically, but the days before the outbreak saw complex, frantic and often feavered negotiations between the powers.

While there was first enthusiasm on both sides, as all nations expected a short war, it soon turned out to be that they were fighting a war of attrition. The first 'modern' war as it was also called, brought about weapons of mass destruction, trench warfare, the use of poison gas and excessive, long battles, like the ones at Verdun or at the Somme.

All in all over six million soldiers died. The outcome of the war was decided, when the USA entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917. Germany finally asked for an armistice in November 1918 and was forced to accept the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. After the end of the Great War the face of Europe was to change forever, with the establishment of smaller nation states in Eastern Europe, the abolition of monarchy in Russia, Austria and Germany and more political power for women.

Britain still commemorates and honours the soldiers who died in the Great War on Remembrance Day or Armistice Day, November 11.

Sources:

Marwick, Arthur. War and Social Change in the Twentieth Century. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1974.

Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.

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-'''The Great War'''
+-1918. Today called the First World War. The main war-waging parties were the Central Powers with Germany and Austria-Hungary on the one hand and the Triple Entente with Great Britain, France and Russia (and in 1917 the USA) on the other hand.
-The Great War as it was known among contemporaries, lasted from 1914 to 1918. Today it is called the First World War, as nearly every country in the world was involved in it.
+There were long- and short-term reasons for its outbreak. Long-term reasons were the naval race between Britain and Germany, the Moroccan Crisis and a strong belief in Social Darwinism among all nations. But the trigger for the outbreak of the war was the shooting of the Austrian heir to the throne, archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife by a Serbian nationalist in June 1914. This assassination caused Austria to declare war on Serbia. Germany as Austria's ally joined the war and so did Russia on Serbia's side. France and Britain followed. The different alliances were not forming automatically, but the days before the outbreak saw complex, frantic and often feavered negotiations between the powers.
-The main war-waging parties were the Central Powers with Germany and Austria-Hungary on the one hand and the Triple Entente with Great Britain, France and Russia on the other hand.
-There were long and short term reasons for its outbreak, like the naval race between Britain and Germnay, the Morrocan Crisis and a strong belief in Social Darwinism among all nations.
+While there was first enthusiasm on both sides, as all nations expected a short war, it soon turned out to be that they were fighting a war of attrition. The first 'modern' war as it was also called, brought about weapons of mass destruction, trench warfare, the use of poison gas and excessive, long battles, like the ones at [[Verdun]] or at the Somme.
-But the trigger for the final outbreak should be the shooting of the Austrian heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist in June 1914. This assassination caused Austria to declare war on Serbia. Germany as Austria's ally had to join the war, too as well as Russia on Serbia's side and with her France and Britain.
-While there was first enthusiasm on both sides, as all nations expected a short war, it soon turned out to be that they were fighting a war of attrition. The first „modern“ war as it was also called, brought about weapons of mass destruction, trench warfare, the use of poison gas and excessive, useless long battles, like the ones at Verdun or at the Somme.
+All in all over six million soldiers died.
-All in all over six million soldiers died; more than ever before.
+The outcome of the war was decided, when the USA entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917. Germany finally asked for an armistice in November 1918 and was forced to accept the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
-The outcome of the war was decided, when the USA entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917. Germany finally asked for an armistice in November 1918 and was forced to accept the Treaty of Versailles.
+After the end of the Great War the face of Europe was to change forever, with the establishment of smaller nation states in Eastern Europe, the abolition of monarchy in Russia, Austria and Germany and more political power for women.
-After the end of the Great War the face of Europe should change forever, with the establishment of smaller nation states in Eastern Europe, the abolition of monarchy in Russia, Austria and Germany and more political power for women. Europe would never be the same as before 1914.
+Britain still commemorates and honours the soldiers who died in the Great War on Remembrance Day or [[Armistice Day]], November 11.
 '''Sources:'''
-Marwick, Arthur. ''War and Social Change in the Twentieth Century.'' London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press LTD, 1974.
-Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte England.'' Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun., 2007.
+Marwick, Arthur. ''War and Social Change in the Twentieth Century.'' London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1974.
-[Manu1988]
+Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands.'' Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.