War of the Grand Alliance: Difference between revisions
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1689-1697. War fought between England and several other European countries against France. It is sometimes called the ''Nine Years' War''. | |||
In 1678 the | In 1678 the Treaty of Alliance was established between England and the Netherlands (then called the United Provinces) to secure peace in each country and to support each other in defending their territories against invaders, namely France. | ||
When in 1689 Anglo-Dutch [[William III]] and [[Mary II]] became joint rulers by accepting the [[Bill of Rights]], the Catholic king of France, [[Louis XIV]], did not recognise them as legal monarchs. This as well as Louis’s overall belligerent behaviour eventually led to the war. The United Provinces declared war on France in February, England in May 1689. That same month, the | When in 1689 Anglo-Dutch [[William III]] and [[Mary II]] became joint rulers by accepting the [[Bill of Rights]], the Catholic king of France, [[Louis XIV]], did not recognise them as legal monarchs. This as well as Louis’s overall belligerent behaviour eventually led to the war. The United Provinces declared war on France in February, England in May 1689. That same month, the Grand Alliance was formed between England, the United Provinces, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Spain, Savoy (region in France/Italy) and several German states in order to fight France. | ||
Simultaneously, England was busy fighting Jacobite forces in Ireland. William III fought there in 1690 before going to the Netherlands in 1691 to command the English troops. | Simultaneously, England was busy fighting Jacobite forces in Ireland. William III fought there in 1690 before going to the Netherlands in 1691 to command the English troops. | ||
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In 1696 Savoy made peace with Louis XIV followed by Leopold I who conceded defeat in Italy. | In 1696 Savoy made peace with Louis XIV followed by Leopold I who conceded defeat in Italy. | ||
In May 1697, there was a peace congress at Ryswick (Netherlands). The effects of that conference were that Louis XIV recognised William as the King of England and that in September France, the United Provinces, England and Spain signed the | In May 1697, there was a peace congress at Ryswick (Netherlands). The effects of that conference were that Louis XIV recognised William as the King of England and that in September France, the United Provinces, England and Spain signed the Treaty of Ryswick which officially ended the War of the Grand Alliance. | ||
Latest revision as of 19:17, 23 April 2019
1689-1697. War fought between England and several other European countries against France. It is sometimes called the Nine Years' War.
In 1678 the Treaty of Alliance was established between England and the Netherlands (then called the United Provinces) to secure peace in each country and to support each other in defending their territories against invaders, namely France.
When in 1689 Anglo-Dutch William III and Mary II became joint rulers by accepting the Bill of Rights, the Catholic king of France, Louis XIV, did not recognise them as legal monarchs. This as well as Louis’s overall belligerent behaviour eventually led to the war. The United Provinces declared war on France in February, England in May 1689. That same month, the Grand Alliance was formed between England, the United Provinces, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Spain, Savoy (region in France/Italy) and several German states in order to fight France.
Simultaneously, England was busy fighting Jacobite forces in Ireland. William III fought there in 1690 before going to the Netherlands in 1691 to command the English troops. The following years, both sides i.e. France and its enemies had their victories and their losses. The war comprised mainly of naval battles and sieges on the Continent. Because the fortunes of war were constantly changing, the question of which strategies to take caused heated discussions in the English Parliament and among the English people; not least because the war was expensive in the long run.
In 1696 Savoy made peace with Louis XIV followed by Leopold I who conceded defeat in Italy.
In May 1697, there was a peace congress at Ryswick (Netherlands). The effects of that conference were that Louis XIV recognised William as the King of England and that in September France, the United Provinces, England and Spain signed the Treaty of Ryswick which officially ended the War of the Grand Alliance.
Source
Holmes, Geoffrey. The Making of a Great Power. Late Stuart and Early Georgian Britain. 1660-1722. London: Longman, 1993.