Mary II: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:27, 21 December 2022

1662-1694. Oldest child of James II and his first wife Anne Hyde.

Mary was born in London 30 April 1662. She was brought up a Protestant and was very young - only fifteen - when she was married to her cousin, William of Orange (later William III), in 1677. As Mary's father tried to re-catholise England after he ascended to the throne in 1685, Mary and William were asked for help. William invaded England on 5 November 1688. After the so-called Glorious Revolution in 1689, Mary became joint sovereign with her husband. The coronation of William and Mary took place in London on 11 April 1689. Later, Mary acted as William's mouthpiece during his European absences and had great influence concerning e.g. ecclesiastical issues.

Mary died at the age of 32 of smallpox in London on 28 December 1694. Mary and William had no children, thus the crown went on to her sister Anne after William's death in 1702.

Sources

Arnold-Baker, Charles. The Companion to British History. Tunbridge Wells: Longcross Press, 1996.
Kenyon, J.P.: The Stuarts. London, 1972.
McDowall, David: An illustrated History of Britain. Harlow: Longman, 1989.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Mary II: Queen of Scotland, England and Ireland."Encyclopaedia Britannica, first published online 21 March 1999, (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-II).
Wende, Peter (Ed.): Englische Könige und Königinnen Von Heinrich VII. bis Elisabeth II. München, 1998.

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-lived from 1662-94 and was the oldest child of [[James II]] and his first wife Lady [[Anne Hyde]].
+-1694. Oldest child of [[James II]] and his first wife [[Anne Hyde]].
-Mary was brought up a Protestant and married William of Orange (later [[William III]]), her cousin, in 1677. As Mary's father tried to re-catholise England more and more, Mary and William were asked for help. Thus William "invaded" England on November the 5th in 1688. In 1689, Mary became Queen, joint sovereign with her husband respectively. She acted as William's mouthpiece in his European absences and had great influence concerning e.g. ecclesiastical issues.
+Mary was born in London 30 April 1662. She was brought up a Protestant and was very young - only fifteen - when she was married to her cousin, William of Orange (later [[William III]]), in 1677. As Mary's father tried to re-catholise England after he ascended to the throne in 1685, Mary and William were asked for help. William invaded England on [[5 November]] 1688. After the so-called [[Glorious Revolution]] in 1689, Mary became joint sovereign with her husband. The coronation of William and Mary took place in London on 11 April 1689. Later, Mary acted as William's mouthpiece during his European absences and had great influence concerning e.g. ecclesiastical issues.
+Mary died at the age of 32 of smallpox in London on 28 December 1694. Mary and William had no children, thus the crown went on to her sister [[Anne I|Anne]] after William's death in 1702.
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+== Sources ==
-sources: ''The Companion to British History''; ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' ([http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/367538/Mary-II])
+* Arnold-Baker, Charles. ''The Companion to British History.''  Tunbridge Wells: Longcross Press, 1996.
+* Kenyon, J.P.: ''The Stuarts.'' London, 1972.
+* McDowall, David: ''An illustrated History of Britain.'' Harlow: Longman, 1989.
-Mary II
+* The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Mary II: Queen of Scotland, England and Ireland."''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', first published online 21 March 1999, (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-II).
+* Wende, Peter (Ed.): ''Englische Könige und Königinnen Von Heinrich VII. bis Elisabeth II.'' München, 1998.
-Mary II was born in London on April 30th 1662. She was very young when she was married to William (only fifteen years). She and William had no children, thus the crown went on to her sister Anne after William’s death in 1702.
-Anne I was born in London on February 6th 1665  and reigned until her death on August 1st  1714.
-Mary II and William III ( Prince of Orange) married in 1677 and reigned in the Netherlands up to their coronation in London in 1689.
-This year was a very special one for the couple because after they were asked to take over the crown of Mary’s weak father James II they received the title King and Queen of England.
-The coronation of William and Mary was one of the greatest events in the British royal history. It took place in London on April 11th 1689 and included a huge ceremonial act. Never before was there anything like this in the British Monarchy before.
-The coronation of Mary II and her husband was so special because both got the royal title and were sovereigns wearing royal insignia.
-The couple reigned both and were often shown together on paintings. Mary was known as a very loyal wife to William and became a popular figure for the people of the Netherlands as well as of the country of her birth.
-She was especially loved by the people for her caring attitude towards sick and wounded people. The opening of the navy hospital in Greenwich stands for this character trait.
-She was brought up in a very religious way and always had in mind that she might be punished by god for what she did.
-Mary II, Queen of England, died at the age of 32 of smallpox in London on December 28th 1694.
-Her husband William seemed to have missed her after her death and is said to have deeply mourned for her.
-Sources:
-. Kenyon, J.P.: The Stuarts. London, 1972.
-. McDowall, David: An illustrated History of Britain. Harlow: Longman, 1989.
-. Wende, Peter (Hg.): Englische Könige und Königinnen Von Heinrich VII. bis Elisabeth II. München 1998.