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6 February, 1665 – 1 August, 1714. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (1702-1714). Last Stuart Monarch. | 6 February, 1665 – 1 August, 1714. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (1702-1714). Last Stuart Monarch. | ||
Anne | Anne was born the second daughter of [[James II]] and [[Anne Hyde]]. In 1683 she married George, Prince of Denmark. During her marriage she became pregnant 17 times but only one child, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, survived the early years of childhood. Due to the number of pregnancies and miscarriages her health was badly affected up to her death. | ||
The [[Act of Settlement]] had established a new line of succession in 1701. It excluded more than 50 | The [[Act of Settlement]] had established a new line of succession in 1701. It excluded more than 50 Catholics from the succession to the throne. Since Anne was raised a Protestant, she fulfilled the conditions determined in the Act of Settlement. She refrained from making her husband king. He did not show any will to play a bigger political role anyways. Anne on the other hand, showed great political ambition and visited cabinet meetings regularly (Panzer 166). | ||
In questions of domestic and foreign politics Anne | In questions of domestic and foreign politics Queen Anne followed the example of her predecessor and brother-in-law [[William III]]: she supported war, in her case: the [[War of Spanish Succession]], which ended profitably for Britain in the Treaties of Utrecht (1713/1714). | ||
Anne’s closest friend and confidante was Sarah Churchill, | Anne’s closest friend and confidante was first [[Sarah Churchill]], whose husband, the [[Duke of Marlborough]], was considered a war hero after the War of Spanish Succession. During the beginning of Anne’s reign Sarah was her lady in waiting. In 1710/1711 the friendship between the women ended due to strong conflicts and Sarah was dismissed from her office. Lady Abigail Masham, a distant relative of Sarah Churchill and a supporter of the [[Tories]], succeeded in this office. | ||
The last years of Anne’s reign were influenced by the question of succession. The Whigs supported the House of Hanover, the Tories did not really take sides and Anna herself did not like her Hanoverian relatives, while at the same time rumors started every time Anne became ill that the [[Old Pretender]] was about to come back to London. When Sophia of Hanover, the great granddaughter of [[James I]] and therefore the next successor of the trone, died in June 1714 her son George got the prospective entitlement to the British throne. Anne died only two months later. As soon as possible George was declared the new king of Great Britain. | The last years of Anne’s reign were influenced by the question of succession. The [[Whigs]] supported the House of Hanover, the Tories did not really take sides and Anna herself did not like her Hanoverian relatives, while at the same time rumors started every time Anne became ill that her half-brother, the [[James Francis Edward Stuart|Old Pretender]] was about to come back to London. When Sophia of Hanover, the great granddaughter of [[James I]] and therefore the next successor of the trone, died in June 1714, her son George got the prospective entitlement to the British throne. Anne died only two months later. As soon as possible George was declared the new king of Great Britain. | ||
Anne’s reign was considered rather successful. Politically she created a period of security. However, many poor people remained poor, while merchants and traders became richer and richer. On the other hand she was famous for her strict Protestant religious streak. Besides there is a style of furniture named after Anne | Anne’s reign was considered rather successful. Politically she created a period of security. However, many poor people remained poor, while merchants and traders became richer and richer. On the other hand she was famous for her strict Protestant religious streak. Besides there is a style of furniture named after Queen Anne. | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
"Anne (1702-14 AD)." ''Britannia'', http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon52.html. | |||
Jordan, Ulrike. "Anna (1702-1714)". ''Englische Könige und Königinnen''. Ed. Peter Wende. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1998. 176-187. | Jordan, Ulrike. "Anna (1702-1714)". ''Englische Könige und Königinnen''. Ed. Peter Wende. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1998. 176-187. | ||
Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen: Von den Tudors zu den Windsors''. | Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen: Von den Tudors zu den Windsors''. München: Piper, 2009. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:26, 17 April 2019
6 February, 1665 – 1 August, 1714. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (1702-1714). Last Stuart Monarch.
Anne was born the second daughter of James II and Anne Hyde. In 1683 she married George, Prince of Denmark. During her marriage she became pregnant 17 times but only one child, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, survived the early years of childhood. Due to the number of pregnancies and miscarriages her health was badly affected up to her death.
The Act of Settlement had established a new line of succession in 1701. It excluded more than 50 Catholics from the succession to the throne. Since Anne was raised a Protestant, she fulfilled the conditions determined in the Act of Settlement. She refrained from making her husband king. He did not show any will to play a bigger political role anyways. Anne on the other hand, showed great political ambition and visited cabinet meetings regularly (Panzer 166).
In questions of domestic and foreign politics Queen Anne followed the example of her predecessor and brother-in-law William III: she supported war, in her case: the War of Spanish Succession, which ended profitably for Britain in the Treaties of Utrecht (1713/1714).
Anne’s closest friend and confidante was first Sarah Churchill, whose husband, the Duke of Marlborough, was considered a war hero after the War of Spanish Succession. During the beginning of Anne’s reign Sarah was her lady in waiting. In 1710/1711 the friendship between the women ended due to strong conflicts and Sarah was dismissed from her office. Lady Abigail Masham, a distant relative of Sarah Churchill and a supporter of the Tories, succeeded in this office.
The last years of Anne’s reign were influenced by the question of succession. The Whigs supported the House of Hanover, the Tories did not really take sides and Anna herself did not like her Hanoverian relatives, while at the same time rumors started every time Anne became ill that her half-brother, the Old Pretender was about to come back to London. When Sophia of Hanover, the great granddaughter of James I and therefore the next successor of the trone, died in June 1714, her son George got the prospective entitlement to the British throne. Anne died only two months later. As soon as possible George was declared the new king of Great Britain.
Anne’s reign was considered rather successful. Politically she created a period of security. However, many poor people remained poor, while merchants and traders became richer and richer. On the other hand she was famous for her strict Protestant religious streak. Besides there is a style of furniture named after Queen Anne.
References
"Anne (1702-14 AD)." Britannia, http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon52.html.
Jordan, Ulrike. "Anna (1702-1714)". Englische Könige und Königinnen. Ed. Peter Wende. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1998. 176-187.
Panzer, Marita A. Englands Königinnen: Von den Tudors zu den Windsors. München: Piper, 2009.