James Francis Edward Stuart: Difference between revisions
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He was the son of King [[James II]] of England and his catholic second wife, Mary of Modena. From his first marriage, James II had protestant daughters, but James Francis Edward Stuart was raised in the catholic faith. Due to his gender and the laws of primogeniture, he would replace his sisters in succession. The British people feared a catholic heir to the throne, so they invited his son-in-law [[William of Orange]] to England in the [[Glorious Revolution]]. | He was the son of King [[James II]] of England and his catholic second wife, Mary of Modena. From his first marriage, James II had protestant daughters, but James Francis Edward Stuart was raised in the catholic faith. Due to his gender and the laws of primogeniture, he would replace his sisters in succession. The British people feared a catholic heir to the throne, so they invited his son-in-law [[William of Orange]] to England in the [[Glorious Revolution]]. | ||
James II took his wife and his infant son to France to live in exile. King [[Louis XIV]] of France regarded James Francis Edward Stuart as the rightful heir apparent. James Francis Edward became the focus for the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite movement]]. When James II died in September 1701, his son was declared King by Louis XIV. He was named James III of England and VIII of Scotland. | James II took his wife and his infant son to France to live in exile. King [[Louis XIV]] of France regarded James Francis Edward Stuart as the rightful heir apparent. James Francis Edward became the focus for the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite movement]]. When James II died in September 1701, his son was declared King by Louis XIV. He was named James III of England and VIII of Scotland. | ||
When Louis XIV made peace with Britain in 1713, James was forced to leave France settled eventually in Rome. | |||
In 1714, his half-sister [[Queen Anne]] and left no heir to the throne. Due to the Act of Settlement, James Francis Edward could not become the next king of England. [[George I]], the protestant elector of Hanover, became king instead. | |||
Both of James Francis Edward's attempts to win back his inheritance did not work out. | |||
== Descendants == | == Descendants == | ||
Revision as of 17:26, 9 November 2009
Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, also known as The Old Pretender, was born on 10th June, 1688 in London and died on 1st January, 1766 in Rome. He was the claimant to the English and Scottish throne. Supporters also called him James III of England and James VIII Scotland.
Life
He was the son of King James II of England and his catholic second wife, Mary of Modena. From his first marriage, James II had protestant daughters, but James Francis Edward Stuart was raised in the catholic faith. Due to his gender and the laws of primogeniture, he would replace his sisters in succession. The British people feared a catholic heir to the throne, so they invited his son-in-law William of Orange to England in the Glorious Revolution. James II took his wife and his infant son to France to live in exile. King Louis XIV of France regarded James Francis Edward Stuart as the rightful heir apparent. James Francis Edward became the focus for the Jacobite movement. When James II died in September 1701, his son was declared King by Louis XIV. He was named James III of England and VIII of Scotland. When Louis XIV made peace with Britain in 1713, James was forced to leave France settled eventually in Rome. In 1714, his half-sister Queen Anne and left no heir to the throne. Due to the Act of Settlement, James Francis Edward could not become the next king of England. George I, the protestant elector of Hanover, became king instead. Both of James Francis Edward's attempts to win back his inheritance did not work out.
Descendants
James Francis Edward married Maria Clementina Sobieski, a Polish Princess and the grand-daughter of John III, in 1719. One reason was to produce an heir to the Jacobites. They had two sons, Charles Edward Stuart (1720–1788) and Henry Benedict Stuart (1725–1807). Charles Edward became known as The Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, who triggered one last, idle Jacobite rebellion in Britain in 1745. Henry Benedict became the Cardinal Duke of York.
Sources
- http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/stuart_10.htm (09.11.09)
- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/300074/James-Edward-the-Old-Pretender (09.11.09)
- http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/james-francis-edward-stuart/ (09.11.09)