Parliament

Political Institution going back to the Middle Ages. Divided into House of Commons and House of Lords. In the 17th century Parliament opposed the monarch (see: Charles I, Civil War, Oliver Cromwell). After the Glorious Revolution in 1688/1689 it more and more came to dominate politics. In the 18th century, there emerged a systematic party politics and the (also spatial) division between government and opposition.

First mention of the term in 1236, then just referring to a council of advisors to the monarch.